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Nutrition Intervention of CHD

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... 1000mg / day Star flower, flax seed ... Fibre Need 25-35g fibre per day How to increase your fibre intake Fibre Content of Various Foods Legumes ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nutrition Intervention of CHD


1
Nutrition Intervention of CHD
  • Amanda IOns Registered Dietitian

2
Water
  • Drink 2 litres or less of water per day
  • (if you on fluid restriction, adhère to doctors
    recommandations)
  • Water is the most important nutrient
  • Restrict your intake of sodium to 1.5 g per day.
    Non CHD adults restrict to 2.3g/day
  • Eat potassium rich foods each day such as banana,
    pawpaw, potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries

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Water- our most important nutrient
6
The Importance of Drinking Water
7
Salt
  • Is often HIDDEN in food
  • Names mono sodium glutamine or glutamate
  • Powders- sauces, soups, biltong
  • Pies, chips, fizzy colddrinks, processed/instant
    foods
  • Be careful with potassium salt or salt
    replacements
  • Use herbs and spices

8
6-8 glasses per dayhigh salt intake and high
fluid intake may lead to fluid retention and high
blood pressure
9
Vitamins and Minerals
  • Vitamin D- deficiency may cause
  • Rickets
  • Hypertension
  • CVD
  • Heart Failure
  • Peripheral arterial disease
  • Sources sunlight 20minutes/day
  • Dairy products, oily fish, egg yolk and cod liver
    oil or fish oils, supplement
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin E
  • B-vitamins
  • Magnesium and Potassium
  • Zinc, Selenium

10
Fruit and Vegetables
  • Two main functions
  • Soluble fibre
  • Plant sterols , sterolins and other
    phytontutrients
  • Vitamins and minerals
  • Also a source of CHO
  • apple pectin and phytonutrients
  • An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

11
Berries (mixed)
  • All Berries are a very nutritious food source.
  • They are one of fruit and foods with the most
    alkalising effect on the body.
  • A poor diet, high in alcohol, coffee, sugar,
    smoke and unhealthy red meat will cause the body
    to become more acidic. Often manifesting as gout
    (purines) or other inflammatory diseases.
  • Very high vitamin C
  • Phyto chemicals in skin and fruit
  • Eat as desert or smoothie.

12
FibreWe need a total of 25-35g fibre (both
soluble and insoluble) dailyor 14g fibre per
1000kcal AI.
  • Whole grains (insoluble fibre)
  • Fruit and Veg (soluble fibre)

13
FibreNeed 25-35g fibre per day
  • Fibre is very important for gut health and to
    lower serum cholesterol levels.
  • Gut micro-flora
  • Bile secretion- reduce serum cholesterol
  • Satiety effect, consequently reduce fat intake
  • Get soluble fibre fruit, vegetables, oats, oat
    bran, legumes- most important fibre.
  • Insoluble fibre wheat, bran, whole grains- stool
    bulking effect

14
How to increase your fibre intake
  • Eat high fibre cereals, whole wheat breads, pasta
    and brown rice. And Legumes.
  • Eat 5-6 servings fruit and vegetables per day and
    try to leave skins on.
  • Eat high fibre low fat snacks e.g. Raw
    vegetables, fresh fruit and popcorn.
  • Check labels for fibre facts- list the amount of
    fibre per serving or the words bran, whole wheat
    flour listed as one of the 1st five ingredients.

15
Fibre Content of Various Foods
Selected Sources and Amounts of Dietary Fiber
Food Amount Soluble Fiber, g Total Fiber, g
Legumes (cooked)
Kidney beans 1/2 cup 2.0 6.7
Pinto beans 1/2 cup 2.0 6.7
Vegetables (cooked)
Brussels sprouts 1/2 cup 2.0 3.8
Broccoli 1/2 cup 1.1 2.6
Spinach 1/2 cup 0.5 2.1
Zucchini 1/2 cup 0.2 1.6
Fruits (raw)
Apple 1 medium 1.2 3.6
Orange 1 medium 1.8 2.9
Grapefruit 1/2 medium 1.1 1.8
Grapes 1 cup 0.3 1.1
Prunes 6 medium 3.0 8.0
Grains
Oatmeal (dry) 1/3 cup 1.3 2.8
Oat bran (dry) 1/3 cup 2.0 4.4
Corn flakes 1 ounce 0.1 0.3
Brown rice (cooked) 1/2 cup 0.4 5.3
Whole-wheat bread 1 slice 0.4 2.1
White bread 1 slice 0.2 0.4
16
Legumes
  • Hydro ½ cup cooked dried beans, lentils per day.
  • Include in meat/salads/rice/veg
  • ? Glycaemic Index
  • Insulin- explained
  • Contribute to euglycaemia
  • Tolerance- bacterial overgrowth
  • Vegetarian meals approximately 3 times a week.

17
Insulin/Glucose Peak
18
Glycaemic Index Chart
19
Glycaemic Load
20
Sugars and Sweeteners
  • Sugar- sucrose has medium glycaemic index
  • Honey- health properties, but high glycaemic
    index
  • Insulin-peak, dip (revisited)
  • Artificial sweeteners
  • www.gifoundation.com

21
Confectionary
  • Limit
  • low GI (avoid insulin peak)
  • Look for healthy recipes and alternatives
  • Eating for Sustained Energy by Liesbet Delport
    and Gabbi Steenkamp
  • Chocolate- limit, black chocolate, 70 and more
    cocoa. Or cocoa drink with low fat milk, limit
    sweetener.

22
Dairy Products
  • Very important source calcium, B-vitamins,
    vitamin A ,D and protein.
  • Not essential in adult diet- easily replaced
  • Vitamin D- deficiency may cause hypertension,
    CVD, Heart Failure, Peripheral Arterial Disease
  • Calcium supplement
  • For cholesterol lowering purposes and weight
    management, low fat is best.
  • Nutritious, Organic vs non-organic
  • rBST free, free antibiotics, free range

23
Healthy cows in natural environment
24
Beef
  • Not all beef is unhealthy
  • Always remove visible fat from meat
  • Always eat lean meat e.g. Lean mince
  • Free range beef- during winter months reduced
    saturated fat and omega 6 fatty acids from grass
    diet.
  • High corn diet, high hormone rich meat, usually
    with antibiotics.
  • Meat bought may or may not be grass fed beef.

25
Lean meat cuts
  • Lean cuts
  • Avoid organ meats- high in saturated fat and
    cholesterol
  • Avoid shell fish- high cholesterol
  • Eggs- err on caution- use 3/ week
  • No evidence increase cholesterol
  • Serum cholesterol levels more affected by types
    and amount of fats we eat, fibre content diet,
    exercise and water than the amount of cholesterol
    eaten.
  • All animal products contain cholesterol
  • No plant product contains cholesterol

26
Ostrich meat, considered healthy alternative
27
Free range chickens
  • Chickens on natural diet
  • Health benefits of diet free of antibiotics and
    hormones
  • The chicken meat has lower fat content, fowl eats
    natural diet.

28
Tunnel Produced Chickens
29
Free Range Chickens
  • Cholesterol
  • Less than 300mg/ day for healthy adults
  • Less 200mg/day for adults with high levels of LDL
    (BAD) cholesterol or who taking cholesterol
    lowering medication.
  • Eggs- fatty acid content and cholesterol content
  • 1 egg on average has 200mg cholesterol and 5g fat
  • Benefits protein, vit D, riboflavinfolate folate

30
Nuts
  • Contain fibre, calcium, protein and essential
    fatty acids.
  • Most nutritious nut to eat is the raw, unsalted
    almond.
  • Concentrated energy source, eat it in limited
    quantities ¼ cup or 7-14 nuts.
  • Natural energy from the sun- we cant measure it
    in calories.

31
Nuts
  • Omega 3 fatty acid
  • Walnuts
  • Omega 6 Fatty acid
  • Soy nuts
  • Monounsaturated fat
  • Almonds, cashews, peanuts, pecans, and butters
    made from these nuts.

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33
Fats and Oils
  • All Seeds are important
  • They contain essential poliunsaturated fatty
    acids.
  • Fats and fatty acids are a very important part of
    management of Heart disease.
  • Saturated fat- animal fats, must be reduced to 7
    or less than 14g if you follow a 2000 calories
    diet.
  • Poliunsaturated fats 10 of total fat intake e.g.
    Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids.
  • Trans fats- dangerous, rancid fats, found in
    brick margarine and damaged sunflower oil. Try
    and have none- must be less 1 of your total
    calories.
  • Read labels

34
Oils
  • Olive oil mono-unsaturated oil
  • (only one unbound carbon)
  • Canola mix
  • Avocado pear oil
  • Grape seed- polyunsaturated oil with highest
    smoking temperature
  • Fry food- avoid, only occasionally,
  • All oils are damaged when heated
  • look for cold pressed oils

35
Comparison of Dietary Fats
36
Fish-wild salmon, pilchards
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38
Fatty acid supplements
  • Dosage 1000mg ( EPA and DHA) omega 3 fatty acid
    for CHD patients.
  • 2-4g EPA and DHA per day for triglyceride
    lowering effect.
  • Non cardiac patients 1000mg/day of EPA and DHA.
    OR eat oily fish 2 x per week (rich in linolenic
    acid) also include flaxseed, canola oil, soybean
    oil, flaxseeds and walnuts.
  • Caution contraindicated if on blood thinners
  • Cholesterol lowering properties higher in fish
    source of oil than plant (more active molecules
    and body just absorb)
  • Omega 6 fatty acids 1000mg / day
  • Star flower, flax seed oil, evening primrose oil.

39
The Benefits of Omega 3 fatty acids
40
Flaxseed oil vs. Salmon oil
  • Flaxseed Oil
  • Salmon or fish oil

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42
Conclusion
  • Watch your
  • Water
  • Fibre
  • Fats and oils
  • Sufficient plant phytonutrients and vitamins and
    minerals
  • Exercise/relaxation/Sunshine

43
Laughter is good for the heartand strength to
the bones.
44
Contact Details
  • Amanda IOns
  • Cellphone number 0792973936
  • Email address avions.burg_at_gmail.com
  • High Rustenberg Hydro 021-8093800
  • Stellenbosch
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