Judaism - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Judaism

Description:

Judaism The religious beliefs and practices and the way of life of the Jews. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:205
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 14
Provided by: Antw7
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Judaism


1
Judaism
The religious beliefs and practices and the way
of life of the Jews.


2
  • Originally called Hebrews
  • Abraham is considered the Father of the
    Hebrews.
  • Jews written laws First five books of Hebrew
    scripture are called The Torah Unlike the laws
    of the Greeks Romans, the Jewish laws focused
    more on morality ethics. Genesis, Exodus,
    Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy (first 5 books of
    modern day Bible) Written by Moses
  • Jewish religion was/is monotheistic Belief in
    only one God. All other religions before this
    were polytheistic Belief in many Gods.
  • Significance to Democracy Jews believed that
    each human being was created in the image of God,
    therefore, each human being has a unique,
    individuality. Greeks Romans believed this not
    because of God, but rather because of mans
    ability to reason.
  • The Jews also believed that God had given man
    moral freedom, or the capacity to choose between
    good evil, meaning that each person was
    responsible for his or her choices.
  • The Jews believed that it is the responsibility
    of every person to oppose injustice oppression
    that the community should help the unfortunate.

3
The code included rules of social religious
behavior to which even rulers were subject.
While the Hebrew code of justice was strict, it
was softened by expressions of Gods mercy.
4
Moses A closer look
  • Moses was revered as a prophet in Judaism,
    Christianity, and Islam.
  • Moses wife was Zipporah, daughter of Hobab
    (Jethro), Priest of Midian. There has been much
    debate over the skin color of Zipporah.
  • Moses is considered by many to be the greatest
    figure in Jewish history.
  • He was a diplomat, a lawmaker, a political
    organizer, a military leader, a judge and a
    religious leader.
  • Moses also had a speech impediment (many believed
    that he stuttered, other believed that he would
    just get overly nervous)
  • Moses presented the Ten Commandments to the
    Jewish people.
  • According to biblical scripture, Moses witnessed
    God incarnate (he saw the backside of God).

5
Christianity
The word Christianity was derived from the name
Christ.
Yahshua (Jesus in English) was his name. Christ
was his title. Christos is a Greek word meaning
Savior or Messiah.

6
Christianitys Significance to Democracy Jesus
stressed the importance of peoples love for God,
their neighbors, their enemies and themselves.
Ultimately Jesus was persecuted because he was
referred to as The King of The Jews. He was
considered as a political threat to the Roman
Empire.
After the death of Jesus, his message was
preached all throughout the eastern Mediterranean
by Saul Of Tarsus (Paul). He stressed the
essential equality of all human beings, which is
a belief that is central to democracy.
Although Christianity was a threat to the Roman
Empire, by 380 A.D. it became the official
religion of Rome. Eventually, it took root in
Europe, The Near East and Northern Africa.
7
Islam - Another monotheistic religion that
taught equality of all persons individual worth
which developed in southwest Asia in the early
600s. Islam was based on the teachings of the
prophet Muhammad, which are found in the book
called the Quran.
He emphasized the dignity of all human beings
the brotherhood of all people. A belief in the
bond of community the unity of all people led
to a tolerance of different groups within the
community. Followers of Islam are called Muslims
they are required by their religion to offer
charity help those in need.
8
  • The Legacy of Monotheistic Religions
  • Several ideas crucial to the shaping of a
    democratic outlook emerged from the early
    monotheistic religions of southwest Asia.
  • The duty of the individual the community to
    combat oppression
  • The worth of the individual
  • The equality of people before God

9
Renaissance Reformation
  • The Roman Catholic Church
  • During the Middle Ages it was the Most Dominant
    institution in Western Europe
  • Leader Pope
  • His Bishops Parish Priests
  • It influenced all aspects of life Religious,
    Social Political. It was strongly
    authoritarian in structure.

10
Renaissance
"Renaissance," French for "rebirth," describes
the intellectual and economic changes that
occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through
the sixteenth centuries. During the era known by
this name, Europe emerged from the economic
stagnation of the Middle Ages and experienced a
time of financial growth. Also, and perhaps most
importantly, the Renaissance was an age in which
artistic, social, scientific, and political
thought turned in new directions.


11
When Gutenberg of Germany invented the printing
press in 1445, he forever changed the lives of
people in Europe and, eventually, all over the
world. Previously, bookmaking entailed copying
all the words and illustrations by hand. Often
the copying had been done onto parchment, animal
skin that had been scraped until it was clean,
smooth, and thin. The labor that went into
creating them made each book very expensive.
Because Gutenberg's press could produce books
quickly and with relatively little effort,
bookmaking became much less expensive, allowing
more people to buy reading material. Humanism
Emerges - Books also helped to spread awareness
of a new philosophy that emerged when Renaissance
scholars known as humanists returned to the works
of ancient writers. Previously, during the Middle
Ages, scholars had been guided by the teachings
of the church, and people had concerned
themselves with actions leading to heavenly
rewards. The writings of ancient, pagan Greece
and Rome, called the "classics," had been greatly
ignored. To study the classics, humanists learned
to read Greek and ancient Latin, and they sought
out manuscripts that had lain undisturbed for
nearly 2,000 years. The humanists rediscovered
writings on scientific matters, government,
rhetoric, philosophy, and art. They were
influenced by the knowledge of these ancient
civilizations and by the emphasis placed on man,
his intellect, and his life on Earth.
12
THE REFORMATION AGE (1500-1600 AD) Martin
Luther, one of a few men who significantly
altered the course of world history, was born in
Eisleben, Germany on November 10, 1483.
Throughout his early life Luther had been
burdened by a heavy sense of sinfulness. He
became more and more convinced that the works of
Roman Catholicism were not the means of
salvation. Finally, focusing on Paul's statement,
"The just shall live by faith," Luther came to a
climax in his convictions. Men were saved by the
grace of God manifested in the forgiveness of
their sins and the imputation of Christ's
righteousness. God's grace was given, not on the
basis of good works, but on the basis of absolute
faith in God's promises. However, this faith,
Luther asserted, was wholly the gift of God. On
October 31, 1517 Luther nailed his famous
Ninety-five Theses, (95 points of criticism of
the churchs practices) to the Castle Church door
in Wittenberg. This was the customary manner of
calling for a debate, but this act was the spark
which exploded the powder keg of the Protestant
Reformation. Those who wanted to reform the
Catholic Church were called Protestants, because
they protested against the power abuses of the
church. It was significant to democracy because
it encouraged people to make their own religious
judgments, or read interpret the Bible for
themselves, which in turn caused new churches to
be established. It also introduced people to
reading it exposed them to more than just
religious ideas.
13
Martin Luther
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com