Children The Early Years by Anita Decker Chapter 4 Pregnancy

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Children The Early Yearsby Anita DeckerChapter
4 Pregnancy
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Objectives

• 1. Describe what happens during conception.
• 2. Explain how genetic factors affect prenatal
  development.
• 3. Describe how a person inherits traits through
  genes.
• 4. List the three different types of multiple
  pregnancies.
• 5. Describe the three main stages of prenatal
  development.

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• Go to www.quizlet.com/15192569
• Review the information.
• Play one of the games.

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(No Transcript)
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The Menstrual Cycle
Resources http//www.webmd.com/baby/healthtool-ovu
lation-calculator
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• The average menstrual cycle is 28 to 32 days.
• Some women have longer or shorter cycles, so the
  exact timing of ovulation can vary.
• Heres an overview of a typical 28-day menstrual
  cycle.

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• Day 1 Menstruation
• Your cycle begins on the first
• day of blood flow.
• Day 2-14 Follicular Phase
• You cervical mucus starts to
• thin.
• Day 14 Ovulation
• Begins mid-cycle, but can vary
• between day 11-21. The egg is
• released. Chart your basal
• body temperature (Your basal body
• temperature (BBT) is your lowest body
• temperature in a 24-hour period.)

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• Day 15-22 Luteal Phase
• The lining of the uterus thicken.
• Day 23-24 Luteal Phase
• Implantation of a fertilized egg
• can take place. Hormones
• produced by pregnancy may be
• detected by a pregnancy test.
• Day 25-28 Luteal Phase
• If pregnancy does not occur ,
• your hormone levels begin to
• fall. The uterine lining sheds,
• resulting in your period.

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Common Signs of ovulation that occur in most
women

• Change in cervical fluid. Cervical fluid that
  resembles egg whites is a sign that you are
  near ovulation or are ovulating.
• Change in basal body temperature. For most women,
  you will see that prior to ovulation, the basal
  body temperature is rather consistent.
• Change in cervical position or firmness. The
  cervix goes through many changes as a woman
  ovulates. A woman may notice the clear signs of
  ovulation her cervix will be soft, high, open
  and wet.

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Secondary signs of ovulation

• Light spotting
• Slight cramping or pain on one side of the pelvis
• Breast tenderness
• Abdominal bloating
• Increased sex drive
• Heightened sense of smell, taste or vision

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• Cell The smallest unit of life that is able to
  reproduce itself.
• Sperm The male sex cell.
• Ovum/Egg The female sex cell.
• Zygote The single cell formed at conception.
• Conception The union of the ovum/egg and sperm.
• Fallopian Tubes Two hollow tubes that connect
  to the uterus and have fingerlike projections
  that reach towards each ovary.
• Uterus The organ where the baby develops.

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Inside Fertilization

• http//www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-ferti
  lization_10354435.bc

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Chromosomes Genes
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• Chromosomes rod-shaped structures, located in
  the nucleus of a cell, that carry genetic
  information. Each cell contains 46 chromosomes.
• Genes segments of a DNA molecule, located on a
  chromosome, that contain genetic information.
  Genes carry traits from parents to children.
• Sex Determination is decided at the moment you
  conceive. These chromosomes are called X and
  Y chromosomes.

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• Eggs contain only X sex chromosomes.
• Sperm contain either X or Y chromosomes.
• The fathers contribution is the one that
  determines the sex of the fetus.

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Video Boy or Girl

• http//www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-girl-
  or-boy_10313041.bc

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• During a womans menstrual cycle, a single egg
  leaves the ovary. This is called ovulation.
• At the instant fertilization occurs, sperm and
  egg join and put together their chromosomes,
  creating an embryo with a full complement of 23
  pairs or a total of 46 chromosomes.

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DNA

• http//www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-your-
  babys-dna_10354440.bc

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Reasons to Consider Genetic Counseling

1. Your are 35 years or older and plan to go through
   a pregnancy.
2. The male partner is 40 years or older.
3. You have a child with a birth defect.
4. You or your partner has a birth defect.
5. You or your partner has a history of some type of
   birth defect.
6. You or your partner has a family history of
   inherited deafness.
7. You have has recurrent miscarriages.
8. You or your partner are descended from Ashkenazi
   Jews (risk of Tay Sachs or Canavans disease).
9. You or your partner are African American (risk of
   sickle cell anemia).

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Genetic Counseling

• Directions Students will answer the following
  questions. You must type the information, must
  have the correct MLA heading, type the question
  and the answer.
• 1. What is Genetic Counseling?
• 2. What is the philosophy of Genetic Counseling?
• 3. Who is part of the genetic counseling team?
• 4. Who should see a Genetic Counselor?
• 5. What are some specific examples of issues for
  which Genetic Counseling is recommended?
• 6. What kind of information and guidance is
  provided by Genetic Counselors on issues related
  to fertility and pregnancy?
• 7. What can you expect to happen at a visit to a
  genetic counselor?
• 8. List all of your websites that you got
  information from.

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Multiple Pregnancy
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• Multiple Pregnancy Pregnancies in which
• two or more babies develop.
• Conjoined Ovum splits
• apart, but the separation is not completed.
• Babies are joined at some part of their bodies.
• FraternalTerm describing children from multiple
• pregnancies who develop from two ova and differ
  in genetic
• makeup. Will look different - May be different or
  the same gender.
• IdenticalTerm describing children from multiple
  pregnancies
• who develop from one fertilized ovum and have the
  same genetic
• makeup. Always the same gender

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• Prenatal DevelopmentThe first stage of prenatal
  development, which last about two weeks after
  conception.
• PlacentaAn organ filled with blood vessels that
  nourishes the baby in the uterus.
• Umbilical cordThe cord that connects the baby to
  the placenta.
• EmbryoTerm used to describe a baby in the
  embryonic stage of development.

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• FetusThe term used to describe a baby in the
  fetal stage of development.
• Genetic FactorsTraits that are passed through
  the genes.
• ChromosomesThreadlike structures that carry
  genes in living cells.
• AmnionA fluid-filled sac that surrounds the baby
  in the uterus.

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Inside Early Pregnancy

• http//www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-early
  -fetal-development_10354436.bc

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Stages of Development

• 50 Lessons Over Easy

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Inside PregnancyWeeks 1-37

• You are to watch the videos regarding pregnancy.
• Go to www.babycenter.com
• Click on the pregnancy tab.
• On the right of the screen will be a listing of
  related video.
• Watch the following
• a. Weeks 1-9
• b. Weeks 10-14
• c. Weeks 15-20
• d. Weeks 27-38

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Week 40 The Baby is Ready for Delivery
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Hearing Sight

• http//www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-how-y
  our-baby-hears-sound_10354441.bc
• http//www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-your-
  babys-sight-and-eye-color_10354442.bc

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Genetic Disorders
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Can some birth defects be diagnosed before
birth?

• Some birth defects can be diagnosed before birth.
  Some prenatal tests that can be taken are
• Ultrasound
• Amniocentesis
• Chronic villus sampling

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Can birth defects be treated before birth?

• Advances in prenatal therapy now make it possible
  to treat some birth defects before birth.
• Prenatal surgery urinary-tract blockages, rare
  tumors in the lungs, Spina bifida, ph disease,

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Types of Birth Defects

• 1. Malformations present at birth
• defects such as congenital heart malformation,
  Spina bifida (open spine), cleft palate, clubfoot
• 2. Inborn errors of metabolism
• Defects such as PKU, Tay Sachs disease
• 3. Blood Disorders
• Defects such as sickle cell anemia, hemophilia,
  thalassemia.
• 4. Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Conditions such as Downs Syndrome, Klinefelter
  syndrome, Turner Syndrome.
• 5. Prenatal damage
• Cases include certain infections, drugs,
  maternal disorders such as diabetes, high blood
  pressure, Rh disease, umbilical cord accidents,
  difficult labor or delivery, premature birth.

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Preventing Birth Defects

• Nutrition Alcohol
• Smoking Drugs
• STDs Rubella
• Parasites Radiation

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Genetic Disorder

• Students will work on the Genetic Disorder
  Pompe Disease.
• This will be a power point assignment.

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• TestCh. 4 Pregnancy

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