Reaching%20Sensory%20Processing%20Disorders:%20Working%20to%20Benefit%20ADD/ADHD%20to%20Autism%20through%20Structure%20and%20Function

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Reaching Sensory Processing Disorders Working
toBenefit ADD/ADHD to Autism through Structure
and Function

• Charles W Chapple, DC, FICPA
• 360 E Irving Park RD, Roselle, IL
• [phone]
• www.drchapple.com
• Selected 2006-2008 Guide To Americas Top
  Chiropractors
• 2008 Five Star Excellence Award in
  Chiropractic

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What are Sensory Processing Disorders?

• Any condition which demonstrates the inability to
  process information through the Senses.
• Interestingly the DMSR only acknowledges the
  sensory component in ASD as a secondary finding(
  Diagnosed by language, social and behavioral
  variations).

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Inter-related Conditions?

• ADD/ADHD AUTISM PDD
  SPD CHALLENGED
• 
  
  Normal Children

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Prevalence

• ADD/ADHD 5 Million Children in USA alone
• Autism Every 21 minutes another Child is
  Diagnosed.
• Challenged Child 12 to 30 of Children.

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How is Information Gathered for Our Sensory
System?

• Through Senses
• Through Reflexes
• Reflexes and Sensory Processing Cant be Separated

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Body Senses Include

• Far Senses - Allow us to respond to stimuli
  outside our body
• Hear
• See
• Taste
• Touch
• Smell

• Near Senses - Or Hidden Senses Automatically
  respond within our body to stimuli
• Body Position/Awareness
• Movement/Balance

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Reflexes and the Sensory System

• Primitive Reflexes
• Postural Reflexes

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What are the Primitive Reflexes?

• Primitive reflexes are automatic survival
  responses to stimuli (Sensory Input) which
  develop during uterine life and should be fully
  present at birth.

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Anatomy of Primitive Reflexes

• Within the brainstem
• Oldest part of the brain (Reptilian or
  Pre-Cortical) gt Midbrain gt Cortical
• Automatic vs Volitional
• Stimulus elicited (e.g. A Chocolate Cookie)
• Survival / Instinctual

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Primitive Reflexes Charted
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A Closer Look at Primitive Reflexes

• Fear Paralysis Reflex
• Fetal Tuck Reflex
• Moro Reflex
• Clasping Reflex
• Facilitates the 1st Breath of Life
• Only PR connected to ALL senses
• Matures to Adult startle response Shoulders
  shrug w/ head turn
• If underdeveloped maybe factor in SIDS

• Palmar Reflex
• Grasping Reflex
• Related to early feeding (hand/mouth)
• Stimulation bilaterally inhibits Moro Reflex
• Matures to Pincer Grip
• Plantar Reflex
• Trouble w/Gait, Run, Toe Walk
• Rooting/Suck Reflex
• Cardinal Points Reflex
• Hand-mouth neurologic link

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A Closer Look at Primitive Reflexes Continued

• Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
• Kicking Vestibular reflex
• In Utero provides continuous motion stimulating
  balance/ neural connections
• Assists reinforces birth process
• First eye-hand coordination
• Integrates vestibular w/ other senses enhances
  myelination
• If underdeveloped maybe factor in SIDS

• Spinal Galant Reflex
• Spinal reflex
• Assist birth process
• Enables the fetus to feel sound
• Reduced by Auditory Integrative Training

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A Closer Look at Primitive Reflexes Continued

• Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
• Rolling reflex
• First assistance of body to defy gravity
• Influences body muscle tone in horizontal halves
  (crawl)
• Crawl assist hand-eye coordination essential for
  reading writing

• Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
• Vestibular reflex Forward Backward
• Backward emerges w/ Postural Reflexes
• Early method of response to gravity
• - Giving sense of direction based where in space
• Shared circuit of eyes brain
• Influences muscle tone throughout the body

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What If Primitive Reflexes dont Integrate?

• Primitive reflexes that remain and do not
  integrate, are Retained and therefore postural
  reflexes do not develop fully resulting in a
  Reflexive No Mans Land or A Reflexive
  Seesaw (e.g. Car stuck in the Snow).
• Thus the body remains under the influence of
  involuntary responses instead of voluntary.
• Retained Primitive Reflexes cause
• Difficult voluntary movements and Balance
• Irregular Visual Perception
• Irregular Auditory Processing
• Irregular Sensory Perception

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Observing SPDs

• An Individual defined as having SPD concerns
  exhibits variations of sensory activity in
• Frequency Intensity Duration
• Observed as either as a Hypersensitivity or a
  Hyposensitivity

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The Sensitivity of the Seven Senses in SPD

• Hypersensitive - requires less stimulation
• Avoids sounds
• Overwhelmed by intense visual
• Object to textures and gag
• Avoid textures and being touched
• Avoids odors
• Rigid and uncoordinated
• Apprehensive running, climbing and swinging

• Hyposensitive - requires more stimulation
• Appears to ignore sound
• Appears uninterested by visual
• Tastes inedible objects
• Chews and presses into objects
• Unaware of unpleasant odors
• Limp and clumsy
• Craves rocking, twirling and fidgets

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How SPD Presents
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More Specific Symptoms of Retained Reflexes

• Fear Paralysis Reflex
• Oppositional Defiance
• The Screaming Child
• Moro Reflex
• Aggressive or Withdrawn
• Overactive (Ready-Fire-Aim)
• Overemotional (Weeping Anger)
• Learning Difficulty (Pupils problem w/ black
  print on white paper
• Visual attention drawn to outside edges
  (Peripheral Vision)
• Hypersensitive to ALL senses
• Adrenal Fatiguegt Weak Immune
• Overall effects emotional profile

• Palmar Reflex
• Poor Manual Dexterity (Thumb)
• Speech Difficulties
• Manual Tasks Inhibit Talking
• Difficult writing (w/Mouth Motion)
• Plantar Reflex
• Trouble w/Gait, Run, Toe Walk

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More Specific Symptoms of Retained Reflexes

• Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
• Easily Distracted
• Poor Pencil Grip, Excessive Grip
• Missing Visual Reading Fields
• When reading
• Difficult Distance Perception
• Poor Ball Skills
• Difficult cross crawling on stomach
• (Barrier crossing midline)
• Difficult tasks involving both sides of Body
  Favors same side motion since choice of side
  not automatic becomes unnecessary source of
  confusion
• Learning Difficulty

• Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
• Poor Judgment of Balance, Space, Distance, Depth,
  Motion Time
• Motion Sickness Dislike P.E.
• Floppy or Rigid Child
• Fatigue when Neck Flexed
• Learning/Visual Difficulty (Mirror Write)

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More Specific Symptoms of Retained Reflexes

• Rooting/Suck Reflex
• Difficult Chew, Speech and Dribble
• Relation to manual dexterity
• Spinal Gallant Reflex
• Delayed Sitting
• Abnormal Gait/Posture
• Poor Bladder Bowel/ Bed Wetting
• Ants in Pants Child
• Poor Concentration Learning Difficulty

• Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
• Poor Posture, (Ape like) Walk
• W leg position w/ floor sitting
• Poor Hand-eye coordination- eating
• Swim better underwater w/ less gravity

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The Next Developmental Step

• As higher brain centers mature or the PRs
  Integrate more voluntary Postural Reflexes and
  Cortical development occurs
• Postural Reflexes
• The Righting Reflexes (Quadruped)
• Equilibrium Reactions (Bipedal)

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Developmental Movement Patterns

• The Building Blocks of movement and understanding
• CONTRALATERAL
• Integrates all previous patterns Gains ability
  to intend
• HOMOLATERAL
• Differentiates right and left side of the body
  Gains mobility
• HOMOLOGOUS
• Differentiates upper and lower halves of the
  body Gains the ability to act
• SPINAL MOVEMENT
• Differentiates front and back of the body Gains
  the abilityto attend
• NAVEL RADIATION
• Differentiation and connection
• MOUTHING
• First limb to reach, grasp, hold and let go
• BREATHING
• Simplest ground of physical presence

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The Significance of Primitive to Postural
Reflexes

• Primitive Reflexes
• Form foundations for later body functions
• Postural Reflexes
• Provide the framework within which body systems
  operate
• The Integrity of one effects the Integrity of the
  Other
• (The Model Home)

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Learning Hierarchy

• Academic Functioning
• Development of logic and reasoning for
  schooling-reading, writing and math
• Conception
• Making sense of the world
• Language
• Development of speech
• Perception
• Development of sight, hearing and touch
• Motor Patterns
• Development of correct motor pattern, crawling
  and climb
• Postural Reflexes
• Development of ability to be in an upright
  posture and balance against gravity
• Primitive Reflexes
• Emergence and integration of survival reflexes
  along with hearing and touch competence

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Difficulty with Senses and Reflexes

• Difficulty with Skills
• Motor/ Muscle Tone
• Cognition
• Communication
• Socialization
• Independence
• Difficulty with Behaviors
• Impulsiveness
• Self Control
• Distractibility
• Frustration
• Social
• Emotional

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SPD Expression

• Cause
• Difficulty with Senses
• and Reflexes

• Effect
• Difficulty with Skills and Behavior
• Low Self Esteem

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Intervention

• Traditional
• Treats causes as genetic, pre-postnatal trauma
  and unknown
• Treatment is geared from outside the body to
  inside the body ( e.g. Behavioral Modification)
• Reactive
• (The Model Home)

• Alternative
• Treats the structure in order to improve the
  function as cause is a Sensory Reflex imbalance
  System Overwhelmed
• Treatment is geared from inside the body to
  outside the body (e.g. Chiropractic and
  Craniosacral Therapy (CST)
• Proactive
• (The Model Home)

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Controlling the Senses and the Reflexes

• The Central Nervous System (CNS), comprised of
  the brain, brain stem, the cranial nerves, the
  spinal cord and the nerve attachments controls
  the senses and the reflexes.

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CNS Involvement

• HearCN 8 (Vestibular Cochlear)
• See..CN 2(Optic)..CN 3(Occulomotor),
• CN 4(Trochlear)..CN 6 (Abducens)
• Taste..CN 9(Glossopharyngeal)
• Touch..............................Afferent and
  Spinal Pathways
• Smell..CN 1 (Olfactory)
• Body Position...................CN 8, Brain stem
  and Spinal cord
• Movement..Brain stem and Spinal cord

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Cranial Nerves Involvement
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CNS Structure and Function

• The Cranium and Spinal Cord are the boney
  structures protecting the CNS.
• Improper Improper
  Improper
• Structure Function
  Sensory and Reflex Processing
• (Alignment and Position) (Motion
  and Nerve Communication)
• Improve Improve
  Improve
• Structure Function
  Sensory and Reflex Processing

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The PROFOUND Link

• The CNS and its intimately related boney
  protective network form the profound link of
  communication and functional interaction between
  an individuals internal and external
  environments.

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Craniosacral Therapy (CST)

• Focuses on relieving pressure on the brain and
  spinal cord through manual pressure techniques
  used at the cranium and sacrum.

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The Craniosacral System

• Consists of membranes and cerebral spinal fluid,
  which protect the CNS.
• Restrictions in this system are detected, and
  corrections are identified through manual
  monitoring of the craniosacral rhythm (CSR).

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The Bones to the Senses and Reflexes
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The Bones in Motion
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Variations in CSR.

• Variations in the CSR (6-12 bpm) could indicated
  any number of motor, sensory, reflex or
  neurological impairments, as well as causes of
  pain.

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The Chiropractic Approach to the CNS

• Chiropractors identify the necessity for the
  reduction of Subluxations, and utilize gentle
  spinal pressure techniques called Adjustments in
  order to remove Subluxations.

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What are Subluxations?

• CNS irritation characterized by
• Irregular boney mechanics or spinal misalignment
• Nerves imbalances
• Muscle irritations
• Tissue inflammation
• Degenerative wear
• The poor structure or mechanics involved in
  creating Subluxations results in poor motor,
  sensory, reflex and neurological function, as
  well as causes of pain.

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Spinal Involvement
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A Step in the Right Direction

• 75 of imperfections from poor foot mechanics are
  transmitted up through the spine via
  Presso-receptors.
• Digital Foot Scan. Orthotics

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The Best of Both Worlds

• CST and Chiropractic adjustments work to restore
  more appropriate motor, sensory, reflex and
  neurological input and therefore improve
  function.
• Improve Structure Improve
  Function
• Working inside to out and not outside to in.

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Synchronizing Structure and Function

• Primitive Reflexes
• CST Chiropractic
• Postural Reflexes
• CST Chiropractic
• Core Activation
• CST Chiropractic
• Presso-Receptors
• Orthotics

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Homework Primitive Reflexes

• Starburst
• Snow Angel
• Stomach Fly
• Stomach Twist

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Homework Postural Reflexes

• Gross motor function proceeds Fine motor
  function
• Exercise is in essence Gross motor function and
  correlates to higher academic achievement
• Chiropractic has been shown to increase
  exercise performance 2 to 4xs when compared to
  exercise alone.
• The Better Alignment, Motion, Balance and
  Strengthen.The Better the Posture, Health and
  Life.

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Measuring CNS Function

• Health care practitioners are challenged to
  quantify variations of the CNS communication with
  SPD conditions.
• Frequently conventional tests such as blood
  markers, MRIs and EEGs appear unremarkable.

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The CNS Simplified
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Noninvasive Testing of the CNS

• Infrared Thermography
• Measures temperature variations along the spine
  as indications of imbalances in the Autonomic
  nervous system which result from subluxations
  within the CNS.

• Surface Electromyography
• Illustrates the effectiveness of motor nerves by
  measuring the amount of current at the muscle,
  with imbalances being indication of subluxations
  within the CNS.

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Infrared Thermography
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Surface Electromyography
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More Scans
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Clarification

• There is no HealthCare that is guaranteed or
  without risk.
• However, Chiropractic and CST are among the most
  safe effective in benefiting the CNS.

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A Moms Story

• Dear Parents,
• After a frustrating year of indifferent doctors
  who ignored my concerns about my son, finding Dr
  Chapple was like a gift.
• Over weeks of therapy he has improved
  considerably. He no longer cocks his head. Spins
  or presses his forehead onto me.
• In Fact, we took him for a haircut, and for the
  first time he sat still for the whole thing.No
  unfinished haircut, frantic barber or parents.
• Its sad, but I had never really noticed that he
  didnt run very much before. When he didhe ran
  on his toes with a very awkward gait. Now he
  races around on his little feet for the sheer joy
  of running that all children have.

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More Resources

• www.icpa4kids.com
• www.upledger.com
• www.autismspeaks.com
• www.movementbasedlearning.com

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Some Help from Michelangelo

• the danger that exist is not aiming to high and
  reaching it, but aiming to low and achieving it.
• We can never aim to high for our children

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The Structure and Function of Sensory Processing
DisordersWorking to BenefitfromADD/ADHD
to Autism

• Charles W Chapple, DC, FICPA
• 360 E Irving Park RD, Roselle, IL
• [phone]
• www.drchapple.com
• Selected 2006-2008 Guide To Americas Top
  Chiropractors
• 2008 Five Star Excellence Award in
  Chiropractic

57
Abstract

• Reaching Sensory Processing Disorders Working
  toBenefit ADD/ADHD to Autism through Structure
  and FunctionSo frequently Sensory Processing
  Disorders ADHD to Autism, areaddressed through
  a variety of behavioral and biochemical
  approaches thatthe significance of the
  biomechanical aspects of these conditions can
  beunderestimated.  Experts state that if a
  cluster of irregular nervous system reflexes
  remain unaddressed they will prevent sustained
  long term improvement".This presentation
  introduces the importance of the nervoussystem
  with its biomechanical relationships to the spine
  and cranium, andthe noninvasive approaches of
  Chiropractic and Craniosacral therapy for
  thebenefit of individuals struggling with
  sensory processing concerns and
  retainedprimitive reflexes.