Ch. 16: Section III: Dutch, French, and English Colonies (Pages 372-376)

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Ch. 16 Section III Dutch, French, and English
Colonies(Pages 372-376)

• This section is about
• How the development of Dutch, French, and English
  colonies impacted Native American ways of life.
• How the commercial revolution in Europe affected
  global domination.

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• Just by looking at the title of this section, you
  probably already know some of the things in this
  section.
• Look at the map on page 375 you knew this, but
  match up the languages spoken today to the
  countries which settled the Americas.
• On the Main Ideas (372) Lets at least look at
  the groups of people in this section.
• There was a lot of risk at exploring and setting
  up colonies many people you dont hear about
  failed or even died.

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The Dutch Colonies

• Before the 1600s Spain was the only country
  doing much in the Americas.
• The Netherlands, France, and England were busy
  fighting wars.
• In the early 1600s, they also decided they
  wanted land in the Americas.

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Dutch Interests

• The Dutch became the worlds strongest navy in
  the 1600s (often fighting Spain and Portugal).
• They really wanted to take over Portugals world
  trading power.
• They eventually took over their eastern trade
  (and Brazil in 1624) and started building
  colonies there and in the Caribbean.

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The Dutch in North America

• In 1609 Henry Hudson was hired to find a water
  route through North America.
• He first sailed up a river in the center of the
  continent today its the Hudson River.
• He claimed this area for the Netherlands (New
  Netherlands).
• Its biggest settlement was New Amsterdam for
  fur traders on whats now Manhattan Island.
• The colony was interested in profits more than
  religion, so Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and
  Jews all settled there.
• The English ended up capturing the colony in 1664
  and changed its name to honor its Duke of
  York.

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Manhattan / New York City Then and Now
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French Settlements in the Americas

• France was slow coming to the Americas.
• They came a little to whats now Canada.
• The best know French explorer (Samuel de
  Champlain) founded Quebec in 1603.
• He fought the Natives at times, but encouraged
  the fur trade and brought missionaries to convert
  the Native Americans.

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Colonizing New France

• New France became a province in 1663.
• But this was Iroquois land and they didnt want
  to share with the French (and they didnt want to
  become Christians).
• The French kept pushing and exploring into the
  Great Lakes region and then down the Mississippi
  River.
• They called this territory Louisiana (after King
  Louis XIV).
• They couldnt get many French to settle there
  (too cold and too many Native American attacks).
• Most settlers were young men who were fur traders

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French West Indies

• The French also began settling in the Caribbean
  (14 islands).
• They mostly grew sugar cane there (with help from
  African slaves).
• They also had a class system
• Native French
• merchants
• sailors/pirates
• small farmers
• hired workers from France
• slaves

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The English in North America
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• John Cabot claimed the North Atlantic Coast for
  England in 1497.
• They were interested in North America, but were
  also busy fighting the Spanish (and the Spanish
  Armada).
• After finally defeating them (in 1588), they
  concentrated more on North America.
• English reasons for North America
• To get rich
• Find a new trade route to India
• Have religious freedom
• Better economic opportunities

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Early English Colonies

• Jamestown (1607) was the first successful English
  colony in North America.
• King James gave the Virginia Company a charter to
  settle there.
• But there were problems
• Many settlers died from disease.
• They built the settlement on a swamp.
• Settlers were more interested in looking for gold
  than growing food (but eventually growing
  tobacco).
• .

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• Jamestown was the first European representative
  government in the Americas.
• They also brought the first enslaved Africans to
  the Americas.
• Another English settlement was Plymouth Colony
  (in New England in 1620).
• Many people call these people the Pilgrims
• These people are responsible for the Mayflower
  Compact - where they immediately agreed to a new
  government in their new home.
• There are journals of the Pilgrims we know they
  also suffered and many died, and that they
  learned how to survive with the help of the
  Native Americans.

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Thirteen Colonies

• By the 1700s, there were 13 colonies in North
  America (often farming).
• Eventually, the various areas were specializing
  
• New England poor soil and tough weather, so
  they fished and built ships (lots of trees).
• Middle Colonies mild climate and good soil so
  they became farmers, but also good rivers and
  harbors for trade (Boston, N.Y., Philly,
  Baltimore)
• Southern Colonies great place to grow tobacco,
  rice, and indigo, but needed slaves to help on
  the farms.

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Native Americans

• The Dutch, French, and English (like the
  Spanish) all messed up the Native Americans
  lives.
• Disease also killed many of these natives.

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Sharing Land

• The Dutch mostly wanted to trade and open
  markets, so they left Native Americans alone more
  (not even forcing them into Christianity).
• France tried to trade furs with the Native
  Americans, so as long as they didnt get out of
  control, that could be okay.
• The English had the biggest impact on native
  Americans although at first they did try
  working together (like Massasoit and the
  Wampanoags helping the Pilgrims)

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King Philips War

• When more English colonists came, they wanted
  more land.
• Thats when Native Americans began to worry about
  their freedom and way of life.
• Massasoit died and his son (King Philip) became
  chief.
• He wanted the English to stop expanding their
  land claims.
• So they started attacking settlers and the
  English attacked back.
• By 1676, most Native American resistance to the
  English had stopped.

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The Commercial Revolution
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• This was a time in history (even just in Europe
  at first) that trade, industry, and banking were
  starting to grow.
• Discoveries in the Americas helped push this
  revolution along.
• Gold and silver discoveries signaled the start of
  a money based economy (and not just trade)

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Rising Prices

• Spanish gold and silver discoveries led to higher
  prices for just about everything.
• So the Spanish decided to buy things from other
  countries and their gold/silver went there.
• Then, their prices for things went up.
• In some places, prices for things doubled and
  tripled.
• This is called inflation.

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Overseas Investments
All the people who invest in the company share in
the profits and risks so theyre called
shareholders
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• All this trade led to the growth of capitalism
  (investing money and expecting/hoping to get a
  profit).
• Many European investors thought they could best
  make money in the Americas.
• Overseas investments are risky though so they
  came up with a new idea the joint stock
  company.
• Joint stock companys combine many investors
  together where you can invest in bigger things
  (but share a profit or share a loss if the
  investment goes bad)

Finish the rest on your own
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(people who put money into a company)
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This is the last slide for today
Make sure page "H" is completed
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