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PASS Review

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Title: PASS Review


1
PASS Review
2
Stone Age Periods
  • Old Stone Age -gt Paleolithic
  • hunters and gatherers
  • stone tools
  • and weapons
  • cave art /
  • NO written records

3
STONE AGE PERIODS
  • New Stone Age -gt Neolithic
  • man lived in larger groups
  • AGRICULTURE BEGAN
  • DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
  • SURPLUS CROPS
  • SPECIALIZATION OF
  • JOBS

4
Ice Man
5
FIRST CIVILIZATIONS!!
  • RIVER VALLEY
  • CIVILIZATIONS
  • Mesopotamia
  • Egypt
  • China
  • India

6
River Valley Civilizations
7
Mesopotamia
  • In the FERTILE CRESCENT
  • Included Sumerian Babylonian Empires
  • land between the rivers TIGRIS EUPHRATES
  • Sargon -gt created FIRST EMPIRE
  • Hammurabi -gt FIRST CODE OF LAWS
  • Hammurabis Code of Laws
  • Achievements wheel, ZIGGURAT (religious
    center) Hanging Gardens of Babylon, glass,
  • WRITING CUNEIFORM

8
Map of Fertile Crescent
9
Map of Mesopotamia
10
Sumerian Cuneiform
11
Hammurabis Code of Laws
12
ziggurat
13
Judaism
  • Began in Fertile Crescent in Canaan
  • FIRST MONOTHEISTIC Religion
  • begun by Abraham
  • holy text Torah
  • Ten Commandments
  • Moses led Hebrews from Egypt to
  • Canaan

14
Torah
15
Egypt
  • Began along the NILE RIVER
  • Menes -gt united Upper and Lower Egypt
  • Khufu -gt (Cheops) Great Pyramid
  • Hatshepsut -gt female pharaoh
  • Tutankhamun -gt boy king, tomb found by Howard
    Carter
  • architecture pyramids
  • writing HIEROGLYPHICS on papyrus
  • government pharaohs
  • economy agriculture / FLOODING PRODUCED

  • RICH SILT
  • religion polytheistic
  • mummification

16
Egypt
  • Egypt

17
hieroglyphics
18
Great Pyramids of Giza
19
India
  • Began along the INDUS RIVER
  • subcontinent of Asian Himalayas
  • cut it off from the rest of the continent
  • cities Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
  • sometimes called Harappan Civilization
  • writing SANSKRIT
  • TWO religions began here HINDUISM
    BUDDHISM

20
Indus River Valley
21
Hinduism
  • Polytheistic religion introduced by
  • the Aryans
  • Brahman supreme being
  • holy text Vedas / Books of Knowledge
  • CASTE SYSTEM different levels in society
  • REINCARNATION cycle of birth, death, rebirth
  • dharma laws and duties of Hindus

22
Buddhism
  • Founder Siddhartha Gautama
  • the Buddha
  • Beliefs Four Noble Truths (Suffering in Life)
  • Middle Way
  • Eightfold Path to reach Nirvana
  • Reincarnation
  • Karma end result of good bad acts
  • NO caste system

23
Four Noble Truths
24
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25
The Buddha
26
China
  • Began along HUANG RIVER or Yellow River (because
    of loess or silt)
  • government dynasties
  • Shang was the first
  • Mandate of Heaven right to
  • rule from the gods
  • oracle bones predict the
  • future

27
China continued
  • architecture Great Wall of China -gt built to
    keep out the Mongols
  • tomb for Shihuangdi 1,000s of clay soldiers
    horses
  • achievements SILK, Silk Road, seismograph, new
    type of rice, gunpowder, woodblock moveable type
  • TWO religions began here Confucianism Taoism
    or Daoism

28
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29
Great Wall
30
Shihuangdis Tomb
31
Seismograph
32
Silk Road
33
Confucianism
  • Founder Confucius
  • Social order, harmony, and
  • good government based
  • on STRONG FAMILY
  • RELATIONSHIPS
  • 5 basic relationships
  • Education important to
  • society

34
Taoism or Daoism
  • Founder Laozi
  • People should live simple
  • lives in harmony with
  • nature
  • There should be little
  • interference from the
  • government

35
Greece
  • TWO important city-states -gt
  • ATHENS SPARTA
  • Architecture Parthenon in
  • Athens / temple for the goddess
  • Athena
  • acropolis high hill in Greeks city-states
  • Sparta military was important
  • Olympic Games
  • 7 Wonders of the Ancient World (man made)
  • writing Greek alphabet / adopted from the

  • Phoenicians
  • agora market place

36
Ancient Greece
37
The Parthenon
38
Athens FIRST
DEMOCRACY in the world!! people have
a voice in the government
39
Greece continued
  • People / Know
  • Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (SPA)
  • philosophers
  • Archimedes scientist mathematician
  • developed concept of pi

  • Homer epic poems The Iliad The
  • Odyssey
  • Pericles rich poor had a part in the
  • government / built Parthenon

40
  • Alexander the Great King of Macedonia
  • conquered land in Europe, Africa, and Asia
  • military political leader
  • began the Hellenistic Age the Greek culture
    spread to other parts of the world

41
Alexanders Empire
42
Rome
  • Created a large empire on 3
  • continents Europe, Asia and Africa
  • Two groups of citizens patricians (wealthy)
    plebeians (common)
  • TWELVE TABLES first written laws for Rome
  • Punic Wars Rome fought Carthage and won
  • Pompeii buried by Mt. Vesuvius

43
Rome continued
  • Government REPUBLIC -gt people choose
    representatives to run the government
  • senators patricians
  • tribunes represented plebeians
  • consuls 2 elected officials /were
  • supreme judges and
  • commanders of the
    military

44
Roman Empire
45
Rome continued
  • People to know
  • Julius Caesar made himself dictator
  • assassinated by
    friends
  • Augustus (Octavian) first emperor
  • ruled during Pax Romana
  • Constantine Byzantine Empire /
  • Eastern Roman Empire
  • allowed Christianity
  • Two Roman Empires formed as Rome declined
  • Western Roman Empire (Rome) fell first
  • Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine)
  • Constantinople lasted 1,000 more years

46
Rome continued
  • JUSTINIAN CODE created by Justinian of the
    Byzantine Empire-gt strict but fair laws which
    gave the same rights to everyone, rich or poor
  • Achievements aqueducts, domes, arches,
    Pantheon, Colosseum, roads, alphabet, Roman
    numerals, Latin, laws, concrete, keystones, etc.

47
Roman aqueduct
48
Roman Colosseum
49
keystones
50
Christianity
  • Religion begun during the time of the Roman
    Empire
  • Founder Jesus
  • Holy Text Bible
  • Beliefs monotheistic
  • People will gain salvation if
    they
  • follow the teachings of Jesus
  • Three largest groups Catholic, Protestant
  • Eastern
    Orthodox

51
Religion of Islam
  • Founder Muhammad
  • Holy Text Koran or Quran
  • Islamic God Allah
  • Five Pillars of Faith
  • Faith in Muhammad and Allah
  • Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
  • Almsgiving -gt give money to the poor
  • Fast during the month of Ramadan
  • Pilgrimage to Mecca once in lifetime

52
Map of West Africa
53
Geography of West Africa
  • Climate Zones from north to south
  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Sahel shore of the Sahara Desert
  • Sahara Desert (largest desert in the world)
  • Savanna or grasslands (in the Sahel)
  • Tropical Rainforest

54
Sahel
55
Sahara
56
Ghana
  • GHANA -gt first great empire in WEST AFRICA
  • -gtcontrolled gold salt
    trade
  • resources included iron ore gold
  • used the iron ore to make tools weapons
  • used gold to trade with other nations
  • MUSLIMS of North Africa were important trade
    partners with Ghana -gt Muslims brought horses,
    cloth SALT to trade with Ghana
  • SALT-gt important to preserve food
  • to stay healthy

57
Mali
  • A great TRADE EMPIRE
  • TIMBUKTU -gt major trading city of Mali
  • Trade with MUSLIMS was linked to the conversion
    of local people to the ISLAM religion
  • Islamic influence was evident in government,
    education, architecture
  • in west Africa

58
Songhai
  • the largest of the three west Africa Empires
  • developed along the Niger River
  • it became a rich nation because of the large
    GOLD-SALT trade routes between Arabia, North
    Africa, West Africa

59
Mesoamerica
  • First people came from Asia by way of BERINGIA -gt
    a land bridge that was formed during the Ice Age
    between Asia and North America
  • Greatest civilizations in Mexico and Central
    America
  • MAYAS AZTECS
  • slash and burn agriculture / grew maize
  • stone pyramids for religious purposes
  • steles flat stones with glyphs (symbols)
  • codex folding screen book
  • conquered by Spanish Conquistadors

60
Beringia
61
Mesoamerica
62
Mayan Pyramid
63
stele
64
codex
65
Incas
  • Lived in the Andes Mountains in South America
  • Cities Machu Picchu Cuzco
  • NO written language
  • Quipu knotted cord used for record keeping
  • Conquered by Spanish conquistadors

66
Inca Empire
67
quipu
68
Machu Picchu
69
Middle Ages
  • Also known as MEDIEVAL
  • (Latin for middle)
  • Period between AD 500-1400
  • Between fall of the Roman Empire the Modern Age
  • FEUDALISM-gtway of life during the Middle Ages
    based on ownership of land and loyalty

70
Middle Ages continued
  • Society
  • King or monarch
  • Lords
  • Vassals lower lords
  • Knights protected the land
  • serfs or peasants worked the land
  • MANORS lords estate / including castle,
    farmland, village
  • GUILDS first workers unions of craftsmen /
    set rules on quality of products and prices of
    products

71
Middle Ages continued
  • MAGNA CARTA THE Great Charter which for the
    first time limited the power of a king and gave
    more power to the nobility
  • King John I was forced to sign the Magna Carta

72
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73
knight castle
74
King John signing the Magna Carta
75
Medieval Guilds
76
Japanese and European Feudal System
  • JAPAN EUROPE
  • Emperor King (Monarch)
  • Shogun Lord (Noble)
  • Daimyo Vassals
  • Samurai Knights
  • Serfs or Peasants---------------------?

77
Crusades
  • HOLY WARS (1096-1272)
  • Purpose to regain the Holy Lands (Palestine)
    from the Muslim Turks
  • Outcome opened TRADE between Europe and Asia
  • Important products that were traded SPICES,
    silk, linen, coffee, jewels, etc.

78
Trade Items Included
79
Bubonic Plaguefollowed Trade Routes from Asia
to Europe
80
Renaissance1400-1600
  • REBIRTH of Greek Roman
  • Culture
  • Began in FLORENCE, ITALY
  • Focus on HUMANISM, secular belief on education
    and what the individual could achieve during
    his/her lifetime
  • MEDICI family were PATRONS of the arts

81
Renaissance People to Know
  • Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa
  • The Last
    Supper
  • Michelangelo painted Sistine Chapel
  • Johannes Gutenberg movable type

  • printing press
  • Martin Luther protested ways of the
  • Catholic Church
  • began Protestantism

82
Age of Exploration
  • People began to explore to find an all water
    route to get to Asia to buy the products like
    spices and silk
  • There was already a land route the Silk Road
  • Portugal led the way
  • Vasco da Gama-gt rounded Africa to get to
    Asia
  • Columbus (sponsored by Spain) went west across
    the Atlantic Ocean to get to Asia
  • Columbus called the natives Indians
    because he thought he was in the Indies
  • He NEVER realized he discovered a New
  • World
  • Ferdinand Magellan-gt FIRST TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE the
    world

83
Vasco da Gama
84
Christopher Columbus
85
Ferdinand Magellan
86
Columbian Exchange
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