Sec.%204:%20The%20Northern%20Renaissance

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Chapter 10

• Sec. 4 The Northern Renaissance

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Introduction

• Religious movement that began in the Netherlands
• More diverse social backgrounds and devoted to
  religious reforms than Italy
• Invention of printing press was the key to the
  movement of intellect

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Printing Press

• Since Charlemagne, people have encouraged more
  educational schools
• Empires cant survive if they cant read
• Before books were made of vellum (animal skin)
• Ex. 500 skins to make one bible
• Carve a piece of wood and use it as a stamp

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• In this woodblock from 1568, the printer at left
  is removing a page from the press while the one
  at right inks the text-blocks

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Cont.

• Gutenberg (d.1468) invented moveable type
• Books were rapidly made
• Information was spread fast
• Ex. How-to-do books childrearing, making
  alcohol, curing animals
• Everyone that could read had instant power

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Erasmus (1466-1536)

• Most famous northern humanist
• He made it clear that Catholics wanted major
  reforms
• Dogma overshadowed true Christian practice and
  piety
• Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched

7
Humanism in Germany

• Rudolf Agricola 1443-1485, spent ten years in
  Italy and brought it back to Germany
• Ulrich von Hutten (1488-1523)

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England

• Humanism from Italy by English scholars and
  merchants
• William Grocyn and Thomas Linacre
• Thomas Moore (1478-1535) close friend of Erasmus
• Utopia (1516) conservative criticism of
  contemporary society, rivals Shakespeare as the
  most read 16th century
• Became one of Henry the VIIIs most trusted
  diplomats
• Refusal to recognize that kings marriage to Anne
  Boleyn, led to his execution in 1535
• Prepared the way for the English Reformation

9
Thomas Moore
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France

• French invasions of Italy made Italian learning
  possible
• Guillaume Bude (1468-1540)
• John Calvin, the Protestant Reformer was a
  product of French Humanism

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Spain

• Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros (1437-1517)
  founded the University of Alcala near Madrid in
  1509
• During Ferdinand and Isabella forced the country
  to remain strictly Catholic throughout the Age of
  Reformation