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Britain

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Britain s Tightening Control On the Colonies: Prelude to the Revolution 1763-1775 – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Britain


1
Britains Tightening Control On the Colonies
Prelude to the Revolution1763-1775
2
Series of Acts (Laws) Passed by the British
Parliament
  • Why were these laws passed?
  • To protect the lands gotten in the French and
    Indian War (Area between Appalachians and
    Mississippi, Also, Canada)
  • Pay war debts from the French and Indian War
  • Enforce trade laws that benefited the British
    Empire
  • Bring colonies under more control by the King and
    Parliament

British Parliament Building Big Ben, London
3
Proclamation of 1763
  • No settlement could be done in the lands that had
    been won in the French and Indian War.
  • The reason for this act was to keep peace with
    the Native Americans and the costs of protecting
    the settlers would be too costly.

4
Proclamation of 1763 Angers American Colonists
5
Stamp Act of 1765
  • The Stamp Act required a tax be paid on the
    following items
  • Legal documents
  • Pamphlets
  • Newspapers
  • Playing Cards
  • This was a sales tax, not a direct tax.
  • Eventually, due to protests in the colonies, the
    Stamp Act was repealed( done away with)

Protest Against the Stamp Act in Boston
6
Declaratory Act of 1766
  • Proclaimed that Parliament had the authority to
    tax the colonies on anything at anytime.



7
Stamp Act
8
Boston Massacre March 5th, 1770
  • Boston youth and dockworkers begin to exchange
    insults in front of the Custom House (where taxes
    were charged on imports and exports).
  • Snowballs were thrown.
  • Crispus Attucks, an African American and four
    others were killed..
  • The British soldiers were placed on trial and
    defended by Sam Adams cousin, John Adams (future
    2nd President of the US).
  • The soldiers were found innocent, but the
    incident became a symbol of British tyranny
  • ( non representative government)

9
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10
Intolerable Acts, 1774
  • Boston Harbor is closed for punishment as the
    result of the Boston Tea Party.
  • Americans must quarter ( house) British soldiers
    stationed in the colonies.

Sam Adams, Leader of the Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty Dressed as Indians Dumping
British Tea Into the Boston Harbor on December
16,1774
11
The Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts
12
Townshend Acts of 1767
  • Placed a tax on wine, tea, paper, glass, and lead

13
Townshend Acts
14
North Carolinas Road to Revolution
  • Patriots (Whigs)-Americans who wanted complete
    independence from England. Most North Carolina
    Patriot support was in the backcountry among
    Scots-Irish, German, and English settlers.
  • Loyalists (Tories)- Americans who wanted to
    remain loyal to England. Most Loyalist support
    was in the Coastal Plain among settlers of
    English descent and the Highland Scots along the
    Cape Fear River. (Remember! The Highland Scots
    had signed an oath stating they would always be
    loyal to the English.)

15
North Carolina in 1773
16
North Carolinas First Provincial Congress
  • North Carolinas First Provincial ( provincial
    means local) congress met in New Bern in August
    of 1774. The delegates agreed that North Carolina
    would support patriot causes throughout the
    colonies. They also elected delegates to attend
    the First Continental Congress that met in
    Philadelphia in September, 1774.

Tryon Palace, New Bern
Aerial View of New Bern
17
Edenton Tea Party
  • Penelope Barker led 55 women of Edenton on the
    Albemarle Sound in a boycott of imported British
    tea.

Penelope Barker
London Newspaper Cartoon Attacking the Ladies
of Edenton, North Carolina
18
Mecklenburg ResolvesMay 20,1775
  • Mostly Scots-Irish settlers in Charlotte and
    Mecklenburg County declared themselves free and
    independent of British authority.

Charlotte The Queen City
Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg
King George III
19
Battles of Lexington and ConcordMassachusettsApr
il 19, 1775
  • The committees of correspondence (communication
    network between the colonies) informs North
    Carolina that the British have fired upon local
    militias at the towns of Lexington and Concord
    west of Boston.
  • Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, and William Dawes
    had warned the communities that the British were
    advancing to stop Patriot support and destroy
    arsenals storing weapons.

Paul Revere
Old North Church Boston
20
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21
First Shots of the Revolution
22
The Continental Army is Formed
  • On May 25, 1775 following the Battles of
    Lexington and Concord the Second Continental
    Congress met in Philadelphia. Delegates included
  • John Adams-Massachusetts
  • Samuel Adams-Massachusetts
  • John Hancock-Massachusetts
  • Benjamin Franklin-Pennsylvania
  • George Washington-Virginia (Chosen as Commander
    of the Continental Army)
  • Patrick Henry-Virginia
  • Richard Caswell-North Carolina
  • John Penn- North Carolina
  • William Hooper-North Carolina
  • Joseph Hewes- North Carolina

Washington
Hancock
Sam Adams
John Adams
Franklin
Henry
Hewes Hooper Penn Caswell
23
Formation of the Continental Army
24
Battle of Bunker HillJune, 1775
  • Militiamen seized Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill
    behind Charlestown near Boston, Massachusetts.
  • British General William Howe crossed the bay with
    2,200 British soldiers.
  • Patriot leader Colonel William Prescott gave the
    order Dont fire to you see the whites of their
    eyes!
  • The British claimed the hill, but lost 1000 men
    compared to 400 Americans

Howe
Prescott
25
Battle of Bunker Hill, Boston Massachusetts
26
Halifax ResolvesApril 12, 1776
  • North Carolina delegates meet at Halifax on
    April 12, 1776 and voted to instruct delegates to
    the Continental Congress to vote for total
    separation England.
  • North Carolina was the first colony to do this.
  • The Halifax Resolves and the Mecklenburg Resolves
    make North Carolina First in Freedom.
  • The dates of the Halifax and Mecklenburg Resolves
    are on the North Carolina flag.

27
Common Sense is Published
  • Thomas Paine wrote this pamphlet in early 1776
    urging Americans to fight for independence. Paine
    ridiculed the idea that kings ruled by the will
    of God. Calling King George III the Royal
    Brute, Paine argued that all monarchies(
    kings/Queens) were corrupt.

28
Thomas Paine Calls for Complete Separation from
England
29
Battle of Moores Creek BridgeFebruary ,
1776Slip and Slide Battle
  • North Carolinas Royal Governor Josiah Martin
    organizes a militia (small local army) made up of
    loyalists Highland Scots at Cross Creek (todays
    Fayetteville) to end patriot support along the
    Cape Fear River and southeastern North Carolina.
  • Patriot forces led by Richard Caswell remove
    planks and grease girders on Moores Creek Bridge
    near Wilmington. As the loyalists march across
    the bridge the patriot troops open fire on them
  • The Battle of Moores Creek Bridge causes the
    British to see that their loyalist support is
    limited in the Southern Colonies. The entire war
    effort is moved to the northern colonies.

30
CROSS CREEK FAYETTEVILLE
MOORES CREEK BRIDGE
MOORES CREEK
WILMINGTON
31
Highland Scot Loyalist Crossing the Moores Creek
Bridge, February, 1776
32
North Carolinas First Constitution
  • In the fall of 1776, North Carolina drafted its
    first state constitution in this house in Halifax
    and appointed Richard Caswell as the first
    governor of the State of North Carolina

Richard Caswell 1st Governor State of North
Carolina 1776
Constitution House, Halifax
33
The Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776
  • Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was chosen to draft
    the Declaration of Independence.
  • The document is approved on July 4, 1776 in the
    Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia (now
    Independence Hall).
  • North Carolinas Signers
  • William Hooper
  • Joseph Hewes
  • John Penn

34
Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826)
Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia
Jeffersons Grave
Jefferson Memorial Washington, D.C.
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
35
INDEPENDENCE HALL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
36
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