Hybridized%20orbitals

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Hybridized orbitals
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Why need hybridization?

• Example BeF2
• 1s22s2 electron configuration
• We know it has 180 bond angle from experiments.
• To explain bonding, orbitals combine to form
  hybrid orbitals found upon experimentation.

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sp Orbitals

• Occurs when two electron domains around nucleus.
• Electron domain area of electrons about an atom
  can be bonding or not bonding.

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sp hybridization

• mix an s orbital with a p orbital to get 2 sp
  orbitals
• Other two p orbitals are unaffected
• Form s bonds
• linear

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sp2 orbitals

• 3 e- domains
• Trigonal planar
• One p orbital unaffected
• Form s bonds
• One s orbital, two p orbitals

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sp2 orbitals
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sp3 orbitals

• 4 e- domains
• Tetrahedral
• One s orbital and 3 p orbitals
• Form s bonds
• No p orbitals left, no pi bonds

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d orbitals

• Can be hybridized in period 3 and below.
• 5 e- domains
• Trigonal bipyramidal
• Form s bonds