Title: Ecology is the study of Ecosystems. Studying the interactions and interdependence of biotic and abiotic factors
1Unit 10 EcologyThe living and non living
environment
- Ecology is the study of Ecosystems. Studying the
interactions and interdependence of biotic and
abiotic factors
2A. Levels of Organization atom ? molecule ?
organelle ? cell (start of life)
? tissue ? organ ?
organ system ?
organism ?
___________ ?
____________ ?
____________ ?
____________ ?
__________ (Earth)
SMALL NUMEROUS
LARGE FEW
31. __________ members of the ____________
living in the same area
All the red eye bull frogs in the pond
All the red eye bull frogs, the turtles, plants,
heron, flies, ants, and all living in the pond
2. ____________ groups of _________ living in
the same area
3. _____________ interaction and
interdependence of _____ and ____ factors in a
specific area
All the red eye bull frogs, the turtles, plants,
heron, flies, ants, and all living in the pond
plus all the non-living parts of the pond
_____________ ________ parts of the environment
____________ all the _____ organisms in an
environment
4. ______ group of _________ with the same
_______ and similar dominant _______
5. __________ area from high in the atmosphere
to deep in the oceans that supports life
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5B. Stability in the Ecosystem
1. ____________________ energy needs to be
incorporated into the ecosystem 2.
_____________________ reuse and recycle
materials between organisms and environment
3. ____________ non-living material in the
ecosystem
a) b) c) d) e) f) Abiotic factors often act as
_____________, determining how many organisms can
survive in the ecosystem.
64. ________________ living material in the
ecosystem
a) _________ organisms that can capture energy
to make their own food from inorganic compounds ?
_____________! Autotrophs ________________
CO2 H2O Light ? C6H12O6 O2
7b) _____________ eat preformed organic
compounds Heterotrophs _______________
81) ____________ feed exclusively on plants
92) ______________ feed on animals
103) ________________ feed on both plant and
animal matter
114) _______________ feed on dead animals
125) __________ / ____________ feed on decaying
matter Detritivore __________________
13c) _______________ the ways in which organisms
in the ecosystem __________
1) __________ (,) both organisms benefit
142) _______________ (,0) one organism benefits
from the relationship the other organisms is
neither helped nor harmed in the relationship
153. __________ (, -) one organism benefits
(parasite) the other organism is harmed (host)
164) ________________________ - one organism feeds
on the other - It may seem that one organism is
harmed but it actually helps the species by
removing ______________ from the population ?
Stops ______________
17d) _________________ - role of the organism
in the ecosystem - not just the organisms
feeding relationships but also space, food,
habitat, and other conditions it needs to
survive and reproduce e) ______________ -
organisms compete for food, shelter, space,
mates - determines which organisms survive ?
evolution f) ____________________ - variety
of life in an ecosystem - more biodiversity ?
the more niches filled ? more stable ecosystem
18C. ______________ in the Ecosystem - For an
ecosystem to be self-sustaining it needs a
_______ flow of energy - Life activities
that organisms must perform to stay alive
require an ___________________ - Producers
convert the ____________ into the ________
__________ in the bonds of ___________________
- Energy flows in __________ from the source to
producers to consumers
191. Food Chains - simple representation of the
____________ through organisms in the ecosystem
- Arrow shows the direction of energy flow
- The arrow points to the organism doing the
_________
202. Food Webs - many food chains put together
more accurate representation of the ecosystem
- Energy has ____________________ to flow through
Each step in the food chain / web represents
trophic levels At every level decomposers work
to recycle energy and materials
213. Energy Pyramid - represents the relative
amounts of energy in each trophic level
- 10 Rule no more than ________________________
____ to the next level - At each successive
energy level there is __________ energy - The
less energy the ____________ (amount of living
matter) - What happens if there are more
organisms and more biomass on a top level as
compared to a level below it?
22D. Material Cycles - Materials and matter must
be recycled in the ecosystem - Materials must
flow between biotic and abiotic systems -
Matter is not used up it is only transformed
1) Water Cycle a) Water moves between the ocean,
atmosphere, and land b) ______________,
__________________, ________________, and
___________________ c) Contamination
232) Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Cycle a) Carbon
the key ingredient in all living organisms b)
transformed by the processes of _____________,
_____________, and _________________
1. What process transforms low energy carbon
compounds to high energy carbon compounds? 2.
What can happen to the carbon compounds in
organisms that die and decay in the absence of
O2? 3. What process releases CO2 to the
atmosphere? 4. What are the two major reserves of
CO2 on Earth? 5. How do plants and animals help
maintain a balance of CO2 in the atmosphere? 6.
Atmospheric CO2 produces the green-house effect
by trapping heat near the Earths surface. What
human activities increase the amount of CO2?
243) Nitrogen Cycle a) Organisms need nitrogen
for amino acids ? build proteins b) Nitrogen
Gas (N2) 78 of atmosphere, Ammonia (NH3),
Nitrates (NO3-), Nitrites (NO2-) found in wastes
and decay c) Nitrogen Fixation N2 ? NH3
? NO2- ? NO3- d) Denitritfying Bacteria
NO3- ? N2
? bacteria on legumes
1. What percent of the Earths atmosphere is
composed of nitrogen gas? 2. How do plants obtain
the nitrogen they need? 3. How do animals obtain
the nitrogen they need? 4. What is the role of
decomposers in the nitrogen cycle? 5. How is
nitrogen returned to the atmosphere? 6. What
would happen to the ecosystem if there was a
decrease in decomposition?
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