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Audio Illusions

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The brain is always trying to make sense of everything it gets. This includes sounds. When we hear sounds, the brain looks for patterns and groups sounds together in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Audio Illusions


1
Audio Illusions
  • The brain is always trying to make sense of
    everything it gets. This includes sounds.
  • When we hear sounds, the brain looks for patterns
    and groups sounds together in logical ways.
  • Filling in gaps, or continuing patterns.

2
Where Does it Come From
  • The brain takes what it gets from the ears and
    finds slight times differences.
  • These differences allow the brain to figure out
    which direction the sound came from.
  • This can be confused by the brain making sense of
    sounds too.

3
Echolocation
  • Humans can tell where sound comes from because it
    must travel slightly different lengths to reach
    each ear
  • Bats use echolocation to find objects
  • They make high-pitched sounds
  • These bounce off objects
  • The bat can hear the echo and makes a map in its
    mind of the objects
  • That is how bats find insects in the dark!

Sound takes longer to reach one ear than the
other our brain uses this to locate sound
sources
Bats makes sounds, these reflect off objects, the
bat hears and finds object
4
Balance and Inner Ear
  • Humans use the inner ear to keep their balance
  • The inner ear has a fluid inside. If we tip, the
    fluid shifts and our brain knows we are not
    vertical anymore
  • Then our brain corrects our position until we are
    standing up again
  • We can make ourselves dizzy by spinning then
    the fluid isnt where it would normally be and
    our brain is confused!

The inner ear uses fluid to tell the brain how to
balance our body
Shannon Miller very good at balancing!
5
The Human Lung
  • The lungs are a place for your blood to receive
    oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide made by the
    cells in your body.
  • When you breathe in, a muscle called the
    diaphragm contracts, allowing your lungs to fill
    with air.
  • When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands,
    pushing out the air in the lungs.

6
How Much Can Your Lungs Hold?
  • Devices called spirometers are used to test lung
    capacity.
  • Several different factors determine lung capacity
  • The average adult male has a total lung capacity
    of about 6 liters, or 10 20 oz. Coke bottles.
  • Peter Reed, a British rower, has a the largest
    total lung capacity recorded of 11.68 liters, or
    19.7 20 oz. Coke bottles!

Larger volumes Smaller volumes
males females
taller people shorter people
non-smokers smokers
athletes non-athletes
people living at high altitudes people living at low altitudes
7
Average Numbers for Children Expiratory Flow
  • One instrument measures peak expiratory flow, or
    how much air you can blow out at once.

Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow Predicted Average Peak Expiratory Flow
of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents of Normal Children and Adolescents
Height Flow Height Flow Height Flow Height Flow
43'' 147 49'' 227 55'' 307 61'' 387
44'' 160 50'' 240 56'' 320 62'' 400
45'' 173 51'' 254 57'' 334 63'' 413
46'' 187 52'' 267 58'' 347 64'' 427
47'' 200 53'' 280 59'' 360 65'' 440
48'' 214 54'' 293 60'' 373 66'' 454
8
Average Numbers for Children Vital Capacity
  • The other instrument measures normal vital
    capacity, or how much air your lungs can hold.

Normal Vital Capacities for Boys 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Boys 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Boys 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Boys 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Boys 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Boys 5-17
Height Capacity Height Capacity Height Capacity
42'' 908 49'' 1566 56'' 2240
43'' 1002 50'' 1660 57'' 2318
44'' 1096 51'' 1754 58'' 2412
45'' 1190 52'' 1848 59'' 2506
46'' 1284 53'' 1942    
47'' 1378 54'' 2036    
48'' 1472 55'' 2130    
Normal Vital Capacities for Girls 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Girls 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Girls 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Girls 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Girls 5-17 Normal Vital Capacities for Girls 5-17
Height Capacity Height Capacity Height Capacity
42'' 864 49'' 1403 56'' 1942
43'' 941 50'' 1480 57'' 2019
44'' 1018 51'' 1557 58'' 2096
45'' 1095 52'' 1634 59'' 2173
46'' 1172 53'' 1711    
47'' 1249 54'' 1788    
48'' 1326 55'' 1865    
Capacities are in mL
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