The Civil Rights Movement

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The Civil Rights Movement

• People of the Movement
• Events of the Movement
• Groups of the Movement
• Legislation of the Movement

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People of the Movement
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Head of SCLCOrganized bus boycottInvolved
in Selma marchesBelieved in nonviolent
protestReceived Nobel Peace Prize in
1964Assassinated in 1968

• Martin Luther King, Jr.

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Georgia governor (1967-1971)Believed in
segregationFought federal civil rights
effortsEncouraged people to have children
enroll in private school rather than
integrateEnded up appointing more blacks than
other governors

• Lester Maddox

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Georgia governor who won in special election
after 3 governors controversyMost of his legacy
in education

• Herman Talmadge

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Mentor and teacher to MLKPresident of Morehouse
CollegeBelieved in nonviolence, went to India
and met Ghandi

• Benjamin Mays

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Head NAACP lawyer with key victoriesNAACP
lawyer in Brown caseFirst black justice of
Supreme Court

• Thurgood Marshall

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First two blacks admitted to the University of
GAGA Governor Vandiver supported the decision
of them entering, although he ran being against
integrationBoth went on to successful careers
Holmes became a doctor and Hunter a journalist

• Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes

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1st black mayor of major Southern city1st black
mayor of Atlantain 1973

• Maynard Jackson

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-Served in U.S. Congress-Ambassador to the
United Nations-Elected mayor of Atlanta
1982-Helped Atlanta win bid for 1996 Olympics

• Andrew Young

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Events of the Movement
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Began when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat
on the busLed by MLK Jr.Boycotted bus system
for over a year

• Montgomery Bus Boycott

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-Began when elected Gov. Eugene Talmadge died
before taking office-Supreme Ct. ruled newly
elected Lt. Gov. Thompson was governor, but
special election would be held-Herman Talmadge
then elected (who legislature wanted as gov.)

• Three Governors Controversy

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-Led by Dr. William Anderson-Massive boycotts
and sit-ins at major department stores and
restaurants-Not much media attention, movement
collapses

• Albany Movement

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-High point of intensive voter registration
project-Also called Mississippi Summer
Project-sent 1000 volunteers to register and
teach civics to blacks-June 1964, mainly
because Mississippi had almost NO black voters

• Freedom Summer

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-The Selma to Montgomery marches were three
marches in 1965-Wanted voting right movement in
Selma -Many prominent leaders including Martin
Luther King, Jr.

• Selma Marches

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-Largest political protest rally -Goal to
convince President to sign Civil Rights
Bill-More than 200,000 people-MLK Jr. gave I
have a dream speech

• March on Washington

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Groups of Movement
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Goal was to organize students on campuses One
of most active groups in movementInvolved in
nearly every major peaceful campaign

• SNCC

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Formed in GeorgiaGoal to discover how people
felt about integrationFound people would rather
close schools than integrate

• Sibley Commission

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Congress of Racial EqualityFormed in 1940s to
help end segregation in the NorthWorked with
other groups like the SNCC, SCLC, and NAACP
towards nonviolent protest

• CORE

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Formed by W.E.B. DuBois and several white
northernersGoal to achieve legal victories for
blacksGreatest victory Brown decision

• NAACP

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Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceFounded
in 1957 by MLKLeaders preached love and
nonviolenceImportant role in many campaigns
1957 to 1965

• SCLC

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Legislation of the Movement
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Supreme Court decision that desegregated public
school in 1954NAACP chief lawyer Thurgood
Marshall argued the caseUnanimous ruling from
Warren Court

• Brown v. Board of Education

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1956 new GA flag approvedAfter Brown decision,
some saw it as protest of desegregationOthers
said it reflected heritageChanged in 2001 and
then again in 2003

• Georgia 1956 flag

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Signed by Lyndon Johnsontougher bill than JFK
proposedOutlawed discrimination and segregation
based on race, nationality, and gender

• Civil Rights Act 1964

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Response to Selma marchesDesigned to safeguard
blacks right to voteOutlawed literacy tests
(poll taxes outlawed in 24th amendment in 1964)

• Voting Rights Act of 1965