Bones of the Face

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Bones of the Face

• External (landmark) Bones of the Face
• Incisive (2)
• Lacrimal (2)
• Mandible (1 or 2)
• Maxillary (2)
• Nasal (2)
• Zygomatic (2)
• Internal (hidden) Bones of the Face
• Palantine (2)
• Pterygoid (2)
• Turbinates (4)
• Vomer (1)

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External Bones of the Face

• Incisive
• Also called pre__________ bones
• Most ___________ skull bones
• In common domestic animals, this bone houses
  upper incisor teeth. (Ruminants have a dental pad
  instead)
• Nasal
• Forms the _________ of the nose.
• Length depends on the animal.

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External Bones of the Face

• Maxillary
• Form the ________ jaw with incisive bone
• House all teeth besides incisors
• Forms rostral part of ________ palate
• contains maxillary sinus
• Lacrimal
• Two bones that form medial portion of the
  ________ of the eye.
• Contains lacrimal sac which is part of tear
  system.

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External Bones of the Face

• Zygomatic
• aka malar bones
• form portion of orbit
• join with temporal bone to form zygomatic ______
• Mandible
• lower jaw
• houses all lower teeth
• only __________ skull bone
• forms TMJ with temporal bone
• 2 bones come together at mandibular
  ________________
• fused into one bone in horses and swine
• 2 parts ramus and shaft
• Ramus caudal, vertical part
• Shaft contains teeth, horizontal part

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Internal Bones of the Face

• ____________________ Bones
• Make up caudal part of _____ palate
• ____________________ Bones
• Support part of the lateral walls of the ________
  (throat).
• ____________________Bone
• Forms part of nasal septum (midline wall between
  left and right nasal passages).
• _____________________
• Also called nasal conchae.
• Thin and scroll-like that fill most of nasal
  cavity space.

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Hyoid Bone

• Also called hyoid _____________
• Supports base of tongue, the pharynx, and the
  larynx and assists in swallowing.
• Composed of several parts that are united by
  cartilage.

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Spinal Column (aka vertebral column)

• Vertebrae that extend from skull to tip of tail.
• Divided into 5 sections
• Cervical (neck, C)
• Thoracic (chest, T)
• Lumbar (abdomen, L)
• Sacral (pelvis, S)
• Coccygeal (tail, Cy)
• Refer to vertebrae by letter designation and
  number designation.

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VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS

• Body
• The main, ventral portion of the bone.
• Separated from other vertebrae by intervertebral
  ________ of _________ cartilage.
• Arch
• dorsal to body
• helps to make up _______ ________ which allows
  passage of the spinal cord.

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VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS

• Transverse Processes
• Two processes that project laterally
• Site of muscle attachment.
• Articular Processes
• On cranial and caudal ends of vertebrae, form
  intervertebral joint
• Spinous Processes
• Single and projects dorsally

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Cervical Vertebrae

• Neck region
• ______ vertebrae in all domestic animals
• _________ is C1
• Holds up head.
• Has ________ that can be palpated
• Has no vertebral body, just is a ring which
  spinal cord passes through.
• ________ is C2
• Has large blade-like spinous process and a ______
  that fits into atlas

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Thoracic Vertebrae

• Chest region
• Have tall __________ processes.
• Number of vertebrae number pairs of _______
• Have articular facets which communicate with the
  ribs.
• Dorsal to abdominal region.
• Most massive-looking bones in spinal column.
• Bodies are large and bulky
• Prominent cranial-directed ___________ processes

Lumbar Vertebrae
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Sacral Vertebrae

• 3 - 5 vertebrae fused together to form one
  single, solid structure.
• Called the _________.
• Joins pelvis via sacroiliac joint.

Coccygeal Vertebrae

• Bones of the tail.
• Cranial vertebrae have arches, bodies and
  processes, caudal vertebrae are rods of bone
• In humans fuse into coccyx.

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Ribs

• Flat bones that form the lateral walls of the
  thorax.
• Usually the number of ribs is equal to the number
  of thoracic vertebrae.
• Dorsal ends form moveable joints which is allows
  lungs to expand.
• Term for rib is ____________.
• ____________ ribs aka true ribs attach to
  sternum
• ____________ ribs aka false ribsmake up caudal
  part of thorax.
• Unattached ribs are called ____________ ribs.

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STERNUM

• Breastbone
• Made up of sternebrae.
• Most cranial sternebrae is _________________
• Most caudal sternebrae is called _____________
  process.