Chapter%204%20%20%20%20Carbon%20and%20the%20Molecular%20Diversity%20of%20Life

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Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular
Diversity of Life
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Organic Chemistry
Urea
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Carbons versatility
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Major Elements Of Organic Molecules
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• The valences are the rules for building organic
  molecules.

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Hydrocarbons
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Examples
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Isomers
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Which of these are isomers?
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Types Of Isomers
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Structural Isomers
Butane
Isobutane
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Geometric Isomers
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Enantiomers
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Comment

• Organisms are sensitive to even the most subtle
  variations in molecular architecture.

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Example - Thalidomide

• Cells can distinguish between two isomers.
• One is an effective drug.
• The other causes birth defects.

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Functional Groups
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Importance of Functional Groups
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Table 4.1 Functional Groups of Organic Compounds
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Hydroxyl Group
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Carbonyl Group
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Aldehydes
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Ketones
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Carboxyl Group
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Carboxylic Acids
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Amino Group
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Sulfhydryl Group
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Phosphate Group
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Methyl Group
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Summary

• Be able to recognize isomers.
• Know the seven functional groups and what
  properties they give to molecules.