????: ????? E-Supply Chains, Collaborative Commerce, and Corporate Portals

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???? ?????E-Supply Chains, Collaborative
Commerce, and Corporate Portals

• ????????????
• ???
• http//www.mgt.ncu.edu.tw/ckfarn
• 2012.04 updated

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??????????

• ??????????
• ?????
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ????????????

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???????????

• ??????????
• Disintermediation vs. Reintermediation
• ??????????????

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• Coupling OR uncoupling?
• ??????????
• ????????????????
• ??????,??????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????,?????????
• ?????ltgt?????
• ?????ltgt????

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TSMC
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Intel
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Nova
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• ???Value generating
• ??????
• ????
• ????
• ???????
• ??????
• ??????????????????
• LSP Logistics Service Provider
• 3PL 3rd Party Logistics

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???????
??? ????
???
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?? Arrangement, Non Asset
??????
???? Asset-based Service
??????????????????
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????????/??
??? ????
Supplier
Focal
Customer
?? Arrangement, Non Asset
?????????????4PL...
???? Asset-based Service
?????????????????
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????
??? ????
Supplier
Focal
Customer
?? Arrangement, Non Asset
?????????????4PL...
???? Asset-based Service
?????????????????
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???????

• ???????
• ?????????
• ???????
• Track and trace
• ????????

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????

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• ????????
• ???????????,??????
• ??90?,10???????
• ?????25?,10??????????????

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?????

• ???????so what?
• ???????????????????
• ??????
• ????????Conditional Probability
• ?????????
• ???????????

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????

• ??????????
• ???? store-and-forward
• ???????
• ???? value-added-logistics
• ?????????????
• ?????????????? 3PL

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?????

• ???? LSP
• Logistics service provider
• ?????? 3PL
• 3rd party logistics
• ????????????
• ?????? 4PL
• 4th party logistics
• ?????????

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?????

• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????????
• ??/???
• ???????
• ???????????

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???? The Bullwhip Effect
????
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??????????
????
??
Source Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and
Value Chain Management, 1998
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??????????
????
?????????
?????????
?????????
Lee, H, P. Padmanabhan and S. Wang (1997), Sloan
Management Review
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???????
Manufacturer
orders
Distributor
sell-through
Store
Store
Store
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????????????

• ??? Just In Time ?????
• ???????????
• ????
• ?????????

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????

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????!
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• ???????JIT?????
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• ????120?
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• ???? 5??
• ????120?? 30?
• ???? 1 ?5??
• ????5,??????????????7.5???

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??????2

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??????

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????????

• ???????OEM/ODM????
• ????????
• OEM ????Original Equipment Manufacturing
• ODM??????Original Design and Manufacturing
• 20?????????3-6????
• 1999??????
• 95595????5????
• ??VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) ???????????
• ?????????????
• ???????
• ??????????
• 983 (2003) ? 982 (2004) ? 1002 !!

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??????????????1

• ??????????????????????(??BTS)
• ???????????
• ??????????????????(??BTO)
• ???????????
• ??
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• ?????

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IT??

• ????
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• Accessibility, Visibility
• ?????
• ??????
• ????????
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??

• 100????????
• ??9.8?
• ??100???????39.2?
• 400?????????
• ??36?
• ???

?????!
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?????,??????
????????!
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????-Postponement

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??????????????2

• ??
• ??????--??
• ???????--????
• ??????????????????????????????VMI???(BTF/VMI)
• ??????????????????????????????(BTO)
• ?????????????????????????????????(CTO/ATO)

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????

• ???? 5 ?,??????
• ?????????????

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
100 110 80 75 120 120
110 90 80 100 110 110
90 95 110 115 100 120
95 100 110 100 110 120
100 110 120 100 110
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?????????(?????)
????

• ???? 955?

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?????
1985?
18?
6?
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??

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• ????

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????Collaborative Commerce

• 1990??, Wal-Mart ? Warner-Lambert ?? CPAR
• ????? VICS (Voluntary Interindustry Commerce
  Standards ) ??CPFR??
• ??
• ????
• ????
• ?????

Develop front-end agreement
Create joint business plan
Create sales forecast
Identify and resolve exceptions
Create order forecast
Identify and resolve exceptions
Order generation
Source www.cpfr.org
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What is CPFR?

• CPFR ??????????
• A business practice that combines the
  intelligence ofmultiple trading partners in the
  planning and fulfillmentof customer demand.
• CPFR links sales and Marketing best practices,
  such as category management, to supply chain
  planning and execution processes to increase
  availability while reducing inventory,
  transportation and logistics costs.
• 1. Collaborative Planning
• 2. Collaborative Forecasting
• 3. Collaborative Replenishment

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Business Process Model- Generic (1998) ????
CP
1. Frond-End Agreement
??????
2. Joint-Business Plan
????????
????????
SF
CF
3. Create Sales Forecast
??????????
??????????
4. Identify SF exception
???????????
????
????????
????????
5. solve SF exception
OF
6. Create order Forecast
????
??????????
POS??
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??
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??????????
7. Identify OF exception
????
????????
????????
8. solve OF exception
??
??
CR
9. Order Generation
????
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????
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???? / ????
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CPFR reference model
CPFR 2004
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??????????
Factory PO
Factory PO 2W Lead Time
Asia Buying Office
Head Office
Factory PO
Receiving
ASN
US DC
Asia Warehouse Consolidation Yard
Asia Factory
Replenishment 5 Day Lead Time
Store
Inventory
Production
6W
6W
4W
4W
4W
Import Warehouse
Factory
On Water
Store
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Complete Supply Chain Visibility
Weekly Store Sales
Monthly Store Sales
Monthly DC Demand
Monthly DC Demand Forecast
Monthly DC Supply
Monthly DC On Hand Qty Day On Hand
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8 Inventory Turnover
Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period
August,05 August,06
8DC Inventory Yearly Turnover Rate
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Warehouse Inventory Reduction
Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period
August,05 August,06
Store Count 2500 2500 2200
Average In Stock 97.5 95.6 98.5
Average Turn/Year 10.5 9.6 8.8
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??????EDI electronic data interchange

• ???????????????????
• ????????????????

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????

• ??
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• ????????
• ??
• ??????(?????????)?????,????(????????????)
• ??????
• ??
• ???????????
• ????Process integration

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??????

• ??????????(??,????)
• ????????(???)???(?ftp, e-mail)
• EDI
• ?????????
• ???????
• ????UN/EDIFACT?
• EOI- EDI over Internet

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EDI ??

• 1979?,ANSI ASC X12
• ?????? ANSI ???????
• ASC X12 (Accredited Standards Committee X12)
• ?1980????,???????????
• ????
• ????????EDI??
• 1987?,??????UN/EDIFACT
• EDI for Administration, Commerce, and Transport

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??????
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EDI????
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???? VAN value added network

• ???????????????,??????????????EDI
• ???????????????,????????????????EDI???????
• ?????VAN???EDI??????

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Internet ????????

• HTML (??)
• XML
• Web Services
• ????????????????????
• B2Bi Business to Business Integration
• ????(? RosettaNet, ebXML)

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???????(Markup Language)

• Markup is a method of conveying metadata (that
  is, information about a dataset).
• Markup Language use string literals, or tags,
  to delimit and describe this data.
• ??????????????
• printer typesetting, proofreader, punctuation,
  ASCII, C, RTF

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Example HTML Document
ltHTMLgt ltH1 ALIGNCENTERgt??lt/H1gt ltFONT FACE
size2gt????lt/FONTgt ltFONT FACE size2gtApplelt/FONTgt
ltFONT FACE size2gtiPadlt/FONTgt ltFONT FACE
size2gt???lt/FONTgt
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Example XML Document
extended data tags
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"Big5" ?gt lt????gt
lt??gt??????????,??? 2 ?lt/??gt lt??gt
lt??gt12478943lt/??gt lt??gtIBM 240lt/??gt
lt??gt58,455lt/??gt lt??? ??"http/www.ibm.com.t
w/product/nb/tp240"gtThinkPad 240lt/???gt
lt/??gt lt??gt lt??gt83424723lt/??gt lt??gtDell
A123lt/??gt lt??gt58,999lt/??gt lt???
??"http//www.dell.com.tw/product/nb/a123"gtNB
A123lt/???gt lt/??gt lt/????gt
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XML???

• ???? open, platform-independent
• Vocabulary ???Application Domain ??tag
• An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data
  that is used as the medium for information
  exchange, often within a specific domain of human
  activity(business, chemistry, law, music, for
  example)
• Program Readable
• ?XML is not a programming language, nor an
  object-based system, nor an operating system. It
  is a powerful, elegant technique for thinking
  about, exchanging, and presenting data in a
  platform-independent manner.

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XML????

• XML???????????
• HTML Interpreter ? XML Parser
• XML?Hypertext????Application??
• Application Software ? Browser Software
• XML???????,???????????

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Client Side of Web-XML
Browser
URL
Application
Parser
Present-ation Module
Valid- ater
Document Handler
XML File
HTTP Server
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RosettaNet

• RosettaNet is a consortium of major Information
  Technology, Electronic Components and
  Semiconductor Manufacturing companies working to
  create and implement industry-wide, open
  e-business process standards.
• Cluster 0 RosettaNet Support
• Provides administrative functionality
• Cluster 1 Partner, Product and Service Review
• Allows information collection, maintenance and
  distribution for the development of
  trading-partner profiles and product-information
  subscriptions

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RosettaNet

• Cluster 2 Product Information
• Enables distribution and periodic update of
  product and detailed design information,
  including product change notices and product
  technical specifications
• Cluster 3 Order Management
• Lets partners order catalog products, create
  custom solutions, manage distribution and
  deliveries, and support product returns and
  financial transactions
• Cluster 4 Inventory Management
• Enables inventory management, including
  collaboration, replenishment, price protection,
  reporting and allocation of constrained product
  

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RosettaNet

• Cluster 5 Marketing Information Management
• Enables communication of marketing information,
  including campaign plans, lead information and
  design registration
• Cluster 6 Service and Support
• Provides post-sales technical support, service
  warranty and asset management capabilities
• Cluster 7 Manufacturing
• Enables the exchange of design, configuration,
  process, quality and other manufacturing floor
  information to support the "Virtual
  Manufacturing" environment

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RosettaNet PIP

• Partner Interface Process (PIP)
• message guidelines and XML DTD's (Document type
  definition).
• Understand what the PIP number represents.
• A PIP number has 3 parts  a number a letter
  another number.  Example 3A4
• The first number represents the Cluster.   PIP
  3A4 is in Cluster 3.
• The letter represents the Segment.  PIP 3A4 is in
  Segment A of Cluster 3.
• The second number is a sequential number which
  completes the PIP number.  PIP 3A4 is the 4th PIP
  in Segment A of Cluster 3.

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RosettaNet 3A4 PIP
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RosettaNet 3A4 PIP
RN 3A4
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ebXML

• ?????????????
• ?XML???
• ?????EDI??????
• ?????
• ???????????? repository
• ???????????

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??SCM ???