Introduction to Human Body Systems

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Introduction to Human Body Systems

• The Tissues

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Levels of Organization

• Molecules (like DNA and proteins)
• Organelles
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ Systems
• Organism
• Populations
• Communities

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Levels of Organization

• A bunch of cells make up tissues (like muscular
  tissue)
• Tissues come together to form organs (like a
  heart)
• Organs work together in organ systems (like the
  circulatory system)
• Organ systems work together to make organisms
  (like humans)

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Guess the Organ Systems

• What are some organ systems that you can think of?

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Tissues

• All of the organ systems are made up of just four
  TYPES of tissues
• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Nervous tissue
• Each tissue type contains many different tissues

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Epithelial Tissue

• Function cover, protect, secrete and absorb
  makes up various surfaces.
• Cuboidal Single layer of cube like cells.
• Columnar Single layer of tall slender cells
  may have microvilli at free surface.

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Connective Tissue

• Properties living cells are separated by a
  nonliving matrix, which is usually secreted by
  the cells themselves. The MATRIX gives the
  tissue its properties.
• White fibrous tissue collagen fibrils secreted
  by fibroblasts. Makes up the tendons and
  ligaments.
• Bone Extremely hard with calcium salts in
  matrix. Cells are called osteocytes arranged is
  Haversian system.
• Adipose Fat storage. Large storage structure
  with nucleus moved to side.
• Blood Matrix is liquid (plasma) and is NOT
  formed by the blood cells themselves. Various
  cells erythrocytes, various types of
  leucocytes, and platelets or thrombocytes.

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White Fibrous Tissue
Blood (Plasma is on top)
Bone Bone Tissue
Adipose Tissue
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Muscle Tissue

• Function specialized for contraction. Have
  elongated shape containing proteins that undergo
  changes in shape to cause shortening.
• Smooth muscle controlled by autonomic nervous
  system, involuntary control.
• Skeletal muscle striated muscle moved under
  voluntary control. Cells are multinucleated.
• Cardiac muscle Found only in the heart.
  Striated, branched, with one nucleus. Under
  autonomic nervous control.

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Nervous Tissue

• Function Receives stimulus from internal and
  external environment which is converted into
  action potentials which evoke appropriate
  responses.

Picture
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Organs

• Multiple tissue or tissue layers form organs
• What type of tissue do you think make up the
  following organs/structures-
• Intestines
• Heart
• Skin
• Bones

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Organ Systems

• Organs that work together make up organ systems
• Do you think all organs belong to only one organ
  system?
• Do you think that all organ systems operate
  independently of one another?

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Guess that Organ System

• What organ system do you think the following
  organs belong to?
• Heart
• Skin
• Liver
• Lung
• Kidney
• Intestine
• Blood cells

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What is/are the function(s) of the various organ
systemshow do they fit together?

• Integunmunintary
• Skeletal System
• Muscular System
• Circulatory System
• Respiratory System
• Digestive System
• Excretory System
• Immune System
• Nervous System
• Endocrine System
• Reproductive System

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A few relationships

• Circulatory and respiratory systems the blood
  carries oxygen to the cells
• Circulatory and digestive systems the blood
  carries nutrients to the cells
• Endocrine and reproductive systems hormones in
  the endocrine system help the reproductive system
  function
• Integunmunintary and immune system our skin is
  our first line of defense against germs
• Nervous and all systems the brain and nervous
  system help control them all!