A LITTLE REVIEW BEFORE CHAPTER 8 LESSON 2 NOTES:

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A LITTLE REVIEW BEFORE CHAPTER 8 LESSON 2
NOTES CANDY QUEST
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• In what century did Ancient Times end?
• 5th
• In what year do historians place as the end of
  Ancient Times?
• 476
• What happened in 476 to end Ancient Times?
• the fall of Rome, the capital of the Western
  Roman Empire
• What time period follows Ancient Times?
• Medieval Times (the Middle Ages)

3

• To which Christianized tribe did the
  Merovingian Dynasty belong?
• Franks
• Which government official held the real power in
  the Merovingian Dynasty by the 8th century?
• the Major Domo (Mayor of the Palace)
• Why is the Battle of Tours significant?
• Christians, led by Major Domo Charles Martel,
  hammered the Muslims out of France

4

• How did the Battle of Tours encourage European
  Christians?
• They believed God was on their side instead of on
  the side of Muslims.
• Which ruler began a Carolingian Renaissance of
  learning not seen since the Pax Romana?
• Charlemagne

• Which eastern ruler resented Charlemagne being
  crowned Emperor of the Romans?
• the Byzantine Emperor

5

• What did the pope receive from Pepin the Short
  in exchange for Pepin being crowned King of the
  Franks by the grace of God by the pope?
• Papal States
• Where were the Papal States located?
• central Italian Peninsula
• What major city then became the center of the
  Western Roman (Catholic) Church?
• Rome
• What precedent was set when the pope began to
  crown kings of Europe?
• political power rests more with popes than with
  kings

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• Why did the Byzantine Emperor resent
  Charlemagne?
• sole Roman rulers since the split of the Roman
  Empire had always been Byzantine Emperors
• Which language do you believe Charlemagne used
  to Christianize his subjects to begin a
  cultural rebirth of learning?
• Latin
• In what French town did the Treaty of Verdun end
  the civil war between Charlemagnes grandsons?
• Verdun

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CHAPTER 8 LESSON 2 NOTES
FEUDALISM, THE MANOR ECONOMY,
AND THE MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH
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• Feudalism in Western Europe by A.D. 800s
• A. Social system of rigid class divisions
• B. Political system of local government
• supported by military defense
• C. Economic system based on self-
• sufficient manors

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• Reasons for feudalism
• A. No strong, centralized government
• following the empire of Charlemagne
• B. A tradition of Germanic tribal
  culture

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Feudal Pyramid
III.
King and Church
lords / vassals
knights
serfs
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A. King grants an estate called a
fief to a lord who grants sections
of his estate to lesser lords
called vassals
B.
These vassals pledge allegiance military
service to the lord in a ceremony
called
homage or investiture
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C. Military service is provided by
knights as medieval mounted
war specialists
D. Peasants,
called serfs, farm the land in
exchange for protection
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IV. Vassals duties to his lord A.
Provide an army B. Collect taxes
bridge tolls C. Hold courts of
(Germanic) justice 1. trial by
battle 2. trial by ordeal
(severe pain inflicted to
determine innocence or guilt) 3.
trial by compurgation
(character witnesses) D.
Provide aid (housing, ransom, sons
knighthood, daughters wedding)
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V. Knights duties to vassals

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dubbing
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A. Fight as feudal soldier, participating in
mock battles called tournaments
jousting
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B. Steps to knighthood 1. page age
7, serving royal household learned
the art of chivalry
(code of honorable conduct) 2. squire
age 15, serving a knight, learning
military techniques, proving himself
in battle
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3. knighthood age
21 by an elaborate, religious
ceremony fasting for 24 hours
before the ceremony began
A knight always pledged his
allegiance to his three
masters his feudal lord,
his Heavenly Lord, and
his feudal lady
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VI. Serfs duties to lords
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• A. Farm land in exchange for protection
• system of a manor economy
• Share crops / village goods with lord
• C. Pay free labor tax called the corvée to lord

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• Pay tax called the tithe to Catholic Church
• Keep the manor (village) self-sufficient
• because there is no
• protection if one leaves the manor to trade
  for
• goods elsewhere

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VII. The Christian Churchs teachings and
practices shaped the lives of the people
of Europe
St. Peters Cathedral in Rome The largest
Christian Church in the world
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A. The Church was a social center
as well as a place of worship.
B. Priests guided people on issues
of values and morality. C.
Monks and nuns cared for the poor
and sick, set up schools for children,
and gave food and lodging to travelers.
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VIII. In the centuries after the fall of Rome,
the Church became the most powerful
secular, or worldly, force in medieval
Europe A. Medieval popes
began to claim papal supremacy or
authority over all secular
(worldly) rulers
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B. The medieval Church developed its own
body of laws, known as canon law, as
well as its own courts called the
Inquisition to search out and try heretics
(anyone who opposes Church doctrine).
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Torture was sometimes used to convince
heretics of their misguided beliefs
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C. Anyone who disobeyed canon law
faced a range of penalties such as
excommunication (penalties
placed on individuals) and the
interdict (penalties placed on a
region). D. The Church also
had absolute power in
religious matters.
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• A number of Church reform
• movements spread across Europe
• A. The Benedictine Rule was revived
• under which monks and nuns took
• vows of obedience, poverty, and
• chastity.
• B. Pope Gregory VII outlawed
• marriage for priests
• prohibited
• simony (the selling of Church
• offices) and outlawed
• usury (the charging of interests on
• loans)

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• Francis of Assisi set up the
• Franciscan order to teach poverty, humility,
  
• and love of God
• The Dominican order
• devoted itself to teaching official
  
• Roman Catholic beliefs.

Defender of the Catholic faith
patron saint of animals
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X. Jewish communities existed across
Europe A. In hard times, Christians
persecuted the Jews as
scapegoats, blaming them for
economic problems, illnesses, and
disasters. B. Prejudice against Jews,
known as anti-Semitism, became
widespread C. In response to growing
persecution, thousands of Jews
migrated from Western to Eastern
Europe .
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How much do you remember including info from
your assigned reading for Friday that most of you
completed in class yesterday?

• Which of the following became the greatest symbol
  of growth for Europes economic recovery during
  the later Middle Ages?
• A. the aristocracy
• B. cathedrals
• C. towns
• D. serfdom

C
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• The kind of revolution that occurred in Europe by
  the 11th century that would alter Europe forever
  was in
• A. agriculture
• B. commerce
• C. banking
• D. construction

A
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3. Which of the following would have been a
new way to farm in the High Middle Ages? A. a
water mill to grind grain B. 3-field system of
planting crops C. a wooden plow to make rows
for seeds D. oxen to pull the wooden plows
B
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4. Which of the following led most to a diffusion
of new ideas and goods brought to Europe
from Asia during the High Middle Ages? A.
feudalism B. a manor economy C.
trade D. jousting tournaments
C
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5. Charlemagnes initial success came when
A. the pope crowned him Emperor of the
Romans on Christmas Day, 800. B. his
ancestor made the Major Domo
position hereditary. C. his grandfather,
Charles Martel, prevented the
Muslims from conquering Christian
France D. All of these.
B
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6. What was the result of the practice of popes
approving the coronations of European
kings? A. The Papal States could be moved to
safer locations when needed. B.
Byzantine emperors would no longer
support kings in the West. C. Pepin the
Short could take back the Papal States
at any time. D. Popes appeared to have more
political power than Christian kings.
D
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• The emperor in Constantinople did not accept
• Charlemagnes title of Emperor of the
• Romans because
• A. Byzantine rulers have traditionally
  been
• considered the true rulers of Roman
  lands.
• B. he resented Charlemagnes methods of
• Christianizing his subjects by the
  sword.
• C. the lands Charlemagne was ruling were
• not original Roman lands at all.
• D. Charlemagnes heritage was Germanic,
• not Roman.

A
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• What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun
• in the mid-9th century?
• A. Christians believed their God favored
• them over the Muslims.
• B. The Vikings settled in the
  Scandinavian
• regions of Europe.
• C. Not one of Charlemagnes three
• grandsons was strong enough to
• defeat the other two.
• D. The Holy Roman Empire was first led
• by the Carolingian Dynasty.

C
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9. Feudal manors were required to be self-
sufficient during much of the Middle Ages
because A. There was never a knight
around when you needed one.
B. The Christian Church forbade leaving
until all tithes were paid. C.
serfs were not literate enough to go
off on their own. D. there was little
or no trade
D
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• Why did feudalism develop in Europe
• following the fall of the Western Roman
• Empire?
• A. Kings divided their lands among
• vassals in order to gain more power.
• B. There was no longer a strong,
• centralized government.
• C. The Christian Church demanded that
• this system be instituted.
• D. All of these.

B
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11. How did the Christian Church become the
most powerful secular force in Europe during
the early Medieval Times? A. The
Church was the only civilizing force
in W. Europe once Rome fell to
barbarians. B. The papacy was the seat of
papal supremacy and authority.
C. The Christian Church had the only
literate people in Europe with their
priests and monks. D. Popes were more
powerful than any one ruler.
A
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• The Western Christian Church was like a
• kingdom for all of the following reasons
  
• except
• A. Its ruler was called pope
• B. Its law code was called canon law
• C. It often used trial by battle to
  determine
• innocence or guilt
• D. Excommunication and the interdict
• were acceptable punishments

C
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• Since usury was a practice forbidden by
• the European Church to be used by
• Christians, the group that often loaned
• money, leading to anti-Semitism, was
• A. the towns middle class
• B. Jewish bankers
• C. parish priests
• D. lords and vassals

B
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• The Inquisition was the Christian Churchs
• A. court to search out heretics
• B. measures taken to collect its tithes
  
• C. method of dealing with a person who
• had been excommunicated
• D. home for disabled monks and nuns

A
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• Which of these statements is true?
• A. Charlemagne was the first
  Carolingian
• emperor.
• B. European feudalism was a political,
• economic, and social system that
• developed from a Germanic culture.
• C. The Eastern European Christian
  Church
• was centered in Constantinople.
• D. All of these are true.

D