Title: Define the following terms: humanism, humanities, patron, perspective, engraving, vernacular, utopian, indulgences, diet, predestination, theocracy, sect, canonize, compromise, ghetto
1- Define the following terms humanism, humanities,
patron, perspective, engraving, vernacular,
utopian, indulgences, diet, predestination,
theocracy, sect, canonize, compromise, ghetto - Identify the following individuals and their
contributions to the Renaissance and Reformation
Petrarch, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo,
Raphael, Baldassare Castiglione, Noccolo
Machiavelli, Johann Gutenberg, Albrecht Durer,
Erasmus, Shakespeare, Martin Luther, John Calvin,
Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, Ignatius of Loyola, and
Teresa of Avila
2The Renaissancec.1350-1600
3- What were the chief concerns of medieval man?
- Medieval Europe
- fragmented feudal society
- church-dominated intellectual and cultural life
- agricultural economy
- Early Modern Europe (after the Renaissance)
- society dominated by centralized political
institutions - lay patronage of education, arts, and music
- urban, commercial economy
4Characteristics of the Renaissance
- urban society
- an age of recovery
- increasing regard for the individual human
- Increased secular viewpoints
5Copy the following questions in your notebook.
Think about each question and respond to it in
writing. Be prepared to answer them in class
discussion.
- What term in English expresses the Renaissance
ideal of a well-rounded, multi-talented person? - What are the worlds largest trading cities
today? - Should political leaders adhere to basic moral
principles when pursuing the states affairs or
just look out for the states interests? - What are the criteria that indicate a person has
reached adulthood today?
6- The Italian Renaissance (1350-1550)
- Renaissance rebirth
- Jacob Burckhardt, The Civilization of the
Renaissance in Italy (1860) - Increased power and wealth of Italian city-states
such as Milan, Florence, and Venice (see
pp.411-412) - less decline during the Middle Ages
- The Crusades?
- Italy was a transfer point between East and West
- manufacturing in the Italian city-states
- banking
- growth of political power of the city-states
- lay patronage of education, art, and music
7(No Transcript)
8- What was the intellectual movement known as
humanism? -
- Humanism
- characterized by secularism and individualism
- based on the classics, the literary works of
ancient Greece and Rome - Petrarch- 15th century (Father of Italian
Renaissance Humanism)
9Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374)
- Father of Humanism
- referred to the medieval period as the Dark
Ages - collected and analyzed ancient texts
- greatly inspired by the Roman statesman
- Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 B.C-43 A.D.)
- wrote in classical Latin and the Italian
vernacular
10- Humanist Education
- Humanists of the Renaissance believed that
education could affect positive change in human
beings. - Emphasized liberal studies- history, moral
philosophy, rhetoric, grammar and logic,
mathematics, poetry, and astronomy, and music - The curriculum was intended to develop
individuals to their full potential and help them
to attain virtue and wisdom. - Physical education was also stressed.
- Its ultimate aim was to create complete,
well-rounded citizens.
11The Artistic Renaissance in Italy
- Florence, Italy (1400- 1550)
- Renaissance artists endeavored to imitate nature
in their works. - A new perspective- human beings were the center
and measure of all things. - The use of perspective, lighting, and space to
create realism
12Medieval Art
13Medieval or Renaissance?
14- Leonardo da Vinci
- Renaissance man (polymath or polyhistor)
- Leonardo da Vinci
- What term in English expresses the Renaissance
ideal of a well-rounded, multi-talented person?
15Inventions
16Sketches
17Da Vincis Famous Paintings
The Last Supper
Mona Lisa
18Virgin of the Rocks
19Leonardo and the Renaissance (156)
20Michelangelo
Pieta
David
21Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo
22Michelangelo and the Renaissance (3.30)
23School of Athens, Raphael
24Niccolò Machiavelli
- The Prince, 1513
- Should political leaders adhere to basic moral
principles when pursuing the states affairs or
just look out for the states interests?
25- Everyone realizes how praiseworthy it is for a
prince to honor his word and to be
straightforward rather than crafty in his
dealings nonetheless experience shows that
princes who have achieved great things have been
those who have given their word lightly, who have
known how to trick men with their cunning, and
who, in the end have overcome those abiding by
honest principles. - Niccolo Machiavelli, The
Prince, 1513 -
26Baldassare Castiglione (1478-1529)
- The Book of the Courtier (1528)
- Rejected crude habits and promoted standard
behavior for noble gentlemen - Described the ideal Renaissance Man
-
27The Northern Artistic Renaissance
- Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
- A different approach to art than the Italians-
the northern painters became masters of detail.
Initially, however, the northern painters did not
study the laws of perspective. - The artistic center of northern Europe was in
Flanders
28- The German artist Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
incorporated the laws of perspective in his
paintings while still maintaining the northern
emphasis on detail. - Jan van Eyck (1385-1441)- perfected and
popularized oil painting
29Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513) copper
engraving
30Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Portrait
31Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)
- Christian humanist
- master of Greek and Latin
- produced the first Greek printed edition of the
New Testament in 1516 - used humor and satire in his writings to bring
attention to abuses in the Church - Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.
32- Please answer the following study
questions in your notebook. Refer to Chapter
13 in your textbook. - Who was Sir Thomas More and what ultimately
happened to him? - What was the first book printed using moveable
type printing? - How did the Renaissance open the door to the
Protestant Reformation? - Who was John Wycliffe? John Huss?
- Who was Martin Luther? What significant movement
did he initiate in sixteenth-century Europe? - Who was Johann Tetzel?
- What church practice bothered Luther the most?
- In 1521, how did Pope Leo X respond to Martin
Luthers questioning of church doctrine? - What was the Edict of Worms? What happened?
- What technological development contributed to the
spread of Luthers ideas? - What was the Peace of Augsburg?
- What are religious groups that have broken away
from an established church? - In 1516, Jews were required to occupy a separate
quarter of Venice. What was the area to which
they were confined called?
33The Renaissance (11.00)
34The Protestant Reformation
35- What was the Reformation?
- Religion in the year 1500 in Western Europe
- Church was an ever-present aspect in the lives of
all Christians - sacraments
- tithe
- holidays, church bells, etc.
- What were many Christians beginning to question?
36- the effects of war, disease, and famine
- questions concerning the afterlife were of great
concern to many - Although the ordinary people tried to live
religious lives, the clergy often did not. - corruption
- insincerity
- disregard for Church law
- political engagements of the popes
- lavish living while peasants starved
- fathering of children (with vow of celibacy)
37- Earlier reform attempts
- Dominic (13th century) preached against heresy
- Believed that many of the incorrect beliefs came
from misinformed priests - Dominic devoted himself to training priests
(Dominicans) - Heresy and the Inquisition- 13th century
- John Wycliffe and John Huss
38- Other challenges to the Church
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- Most Europeans were still loyal to the Church,
but there was a growing number of critics.
39- Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)
- Christian humanism- the belief that human being
can use reason to improve themselves - Erasmus advocated reform within the Church, not
separation - The Praise of Folly (1509)
- Why reform?
- Perceived corruption in the Church
40Martin Luther
41- Martin Luther (1483-1546)
- Luther was born a peasant, but his father secured
his way to study at the university (completed his
Bachelors and Masters) - In 1505, Luther was caught in a lightening storm
and vowed to become a monk if he survived. He
joined the order of Augustine monks - Received his doctorate in theology and taught at
the University of Wittenberg - In 1517, angered by indulgences (Johann Tetzel),
he posted his Ninety-five Theses - Disputation at Leipzig (1519)
- Diet of Worms (1521)
- Luther protected by Frederick the Wise of Saxony
- Translated the Bible from Latin and Greek into
the German vernacular - The Peace of Augsburg (1555)
42The Reformation (30.00)