THEODORE ROOSEVELT

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THEODORE ROOSEVELT

• 26TH PRESIDENT
• 1901-1909

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THE EARLY YEARS

• Sickly as a child
• Works hard in his fathers home gym
• Overcomes illnesses through the strength of his
  will

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• Attends Harvard University
• Athlete Sculling (rowing), boxing

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• Mother (typhoid fever) 1st wife (childbirth
  complications) died on
• same day (Valentines Day)
• TR retreats to the Badlands, SD
• Learned lessons there in simple, hard living
• Took the snob out of me
• Developed his love of the open land / wilderness
• Experience will shape his future policies
• THE COWBOY

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EARLY CAREER

• Studied law at Columbia
• 3 yrs. in NY legislature
• 6 yrs. On US Civil Service Commission
• 2 yrs. As NY City Police Commissioner
• Already a mover and a shaker and a friend of
  the common man
• Assistant Sec. Of Navy under McKinley
• 1 term as NY Governor
• Also, a well-known historian

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ROUGH RIDERS

• Roosevelt forms and leads this volunteer regiment
• Victory at San Juan Hill
• Medal of Honor granted posthumously in 2001 for
  his service at San Juan Hill
• Only P to ever be so honored

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ROOSEVELT BECOMES PRESIDENT

• Succeeded to the Presidency in 1901 on the
  assassination of McKinley by an anarchist
• Youngest President at age 42 on his succession
  then elected in 1904
• A magnetic personality powerful speaker
  appealing to ones emotions
• A visible President
• Energetic aggressive the strenuous life

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THE TEDDY BEAR IS NAMED AFTER HIM 1902
Clifford Berryman, The Washington Post
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Presidential Firsts

• To fly in an airplane
• To be submerged in a submarine
• To own a car have a telephone in his home
• To have Secret Service protection
• To travel outside the US borders while still in
  office (Panama)
• To have an African-American to dinner in the
  White House
• First American and President to win a Nobel Peace
  Prize
• First trust busting president
• Saved football

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• 5th Cousin of Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Portrayed on Mount Rushmore
• Speak Softly Carry a Big Stick
• PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY
• It is better to dare mighty things and fail than
  to live in a gray twilight where there is neither
  victory nor defeat.

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President Roosevelt in the White House

• In this photo, Roosevelt stands next to one of
  his favorite objects, a huge globe on which he
  used to put small white markers to show the
  position of U.S., German and British navies in
  the Western Hemisphere.

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THE BULLY PULPIT

• Reference to the White House as a "bully pulpit,"
  meaning a terrific platform from which to
  persuasively advocate an agenda (how things
  ought to be)
• Roosevelt often used the word "bully" as an
  adjective meaning superb/wonderful!

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THE SQUARE DEAL

• Pledged all Americans a SQUARE DEAL
• Fair shake - fair chance for all
• Balance competing interests to create a fair deal
  for all sides labor and management, consumer and
  business, developer and conservationist. 

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TEDDY ROOSEVELT The Trustbuster
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THE TRUSTBUSTER

• Believed trusts were fact of life need to get
  rid of bad trusts other good trusts needed
  strong govt regulation, not elimination
• Used Sherman Act carefully chose Northern
  Securities RR merger as first target case
• J.P. Morgan and John J. Hill
• Supreme Court ordered dissolution in 1904
• Bureau of Corporations investigated worked
  out deals
• More trustbusting cases than all 3 previous Pres.
  combined but really more of a trust-tamer

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COAL STRIKE OF 1902
When management refused to negotiate, TR hatched
a plan to force the two sides to talk instead of
sending federal troops to break the strike and
force the miners back to work, TR threatened to
use troops to seize the mines and run them as a
federal operation. They agreed to negotiate!

• One of longest, largest strikes in history by UMW
  140,000 miners

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COAL STRIKE OF 1902

• Management labor unable to agree
• Management refuse to negotiate with UMW reps
• Public sympathy is with strikers
• TR steps in (Oct.) to solve the strike WHY?
• Calls union leaders management to White House
• Threat If settlement not reached, federal
  troops will seize operate the mines
• Threat of govt intervention caused owners to
  talk miners back to work Commission appointed
  by TR to work out terms
• Sets a precedent 1st time a President ever
  stepped in to settle a labor strike

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Other Business Consumer Regulation

• Part of the Square Deal
• Increased power of ICC in RR regulation
• Elkins RR Act, 1903 made it illegal to receive
  a/w/a grant rebates
• Hepburn Act, 1906 energizes ICC allows it to
  investigate fix rates stop RR abuses
• Meat Inspection Act of 1906
• Pure Food Drug Act
• Pure Food Drug Administration

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CONSERVATION

• HIS GREATEST DOMESTIC ACHIEVEMENT!

• Early Conservation Efforts
• Desert Lands Act, 1877 (Hayes)
• Desert land cheap if willing to irrigate
• Forest Reserve Act, 1891 (Harrison)
• Authorized P to set aside land
• Carey Act, 1894 (Cleveland)
• Federal land to states if states irrigate

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• Newlands Act, 1902
• Put proceeds from federal western land sales into
  irrigation projects such as dams
• 1911 Roosevelt Dam, AZ
• Roosevelt will more than triple the amount of
  land set aside as national forests
• Added over 100 million acres to protected forests
• 150 national forests 51 wildlife refuges 5
  national parks
• Boy Scouts become popular!

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Conservation v. Preservation

• Gifford Pinchot
• National Forest Service
• Call for intelligent use multiple-resource
  management
• 1913 federal govt authorizes flooding valley in
  Yosemite to create a dam for San Francisco

• John Muir
• Sierra Club
• Wilderness areas should be left totally untouched

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BIG STICK FOREIGN POLICY

• International Police Role Roosevelt Corollary
• Panama Canal greatest foreign achievement
• Treaty of Portsmouth
• Gentlemens Agreement

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FAILURES/WEAKNESSES

• Poor relationship with Congress - had to go
  directly to the people for support of many
  programs many enacted by executive order
• Didnt address the tariff issue
• Inspired more loyalty to TR rather than his
  policies
• BUT did restore faith of the American people in
  the power of the government to serve their
  interests --- the Square Deal!

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Hunting Safari Expeditions
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Only Roosevelt specimen still on display at
Smithsonian
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Theodore Roosevelt on Immigrants and being an
American - 1907
                                                  
                                                  
                                  "In the first
place, we should insist that if the immigrant who
comes here in good faith becomes an American and
assimilates himself to us, he shall be treated on
an exact equality with everyone else, for it is
an outrage to discriminate against any such man
because of creed, or birthplace, or origin. But
this is predicated upon the person's becoming in
every facet an American, and nothing but an
American. There can be no divided allegiance
here. Any man who says he is an American, but
something else also, isn't an American at all. We
have room for but one flag, the American flag...
We have room for but one language here, and that
is the English language... and we have room for
but one sole loyalty and that is a loyalty to the
American people." Theodore Roosevelt 1907
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The adventure that almost killed TR. The river
was renamed Rio Roosevelt after the expedition
succeeded.
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October 27, 1858 January 6, 1919
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