The Road to Revolution

1
The Road to Revolution (1761-1776)
2
Was the American Revolution Inevitable??
3
Theories of Representation
Real Whigs
Q-gt What was the extent of Parliaments
authority over the colonies??
Absolute?
OR Limited?
Q-gt How could the colonies give or
withhold consent for parliamentary
legislation when they did not have
representation in that body??
4
Rethinking Their Empire
British Government took measures to prevent
smuggling

• 1761 ? writs of assistance

• James Otis case
• Protection of a citizens private property must
  be held in higher regard than a parliamentary
  statute.

• He lost ? parliamentary law and custom had
  equal weight.

5
George Grenvilles Program, 1763-1765
1. Sugar Act - 1764
2. Currency Act - 1764
3. Quartering Act - 1765
4. Stamp Act - 1765
6
Stamp Act Crisis
Loyal Nine - 1765
Sons of Liberty began in NYC Samuel Adams
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Stamp Act Congress 1765 Stamp Act
Resolves
8
Declaratory Act 1766

• Parliament passed a law giving it full authority
  over the colonies.
• Parliament declared all colonial laws null and
  void.
• Parliament denied the right to vote to colonists
  living in North America.

9
Costs of Colonial Resistance
10
Townshend Duties Crisis 1767-1770
1767 ? William Pitt, Prime Minister Charles
Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. (Townshend
Act)

• Shift from paying taxes for British war debts
  quartering of troops ? paying colonial
  governments salaries.

• He diverted revenue collection from internal to
  external trade.

• Tax these imports ? paper, paint, lead, glass,
  tea.

• Increase custom officials at American ports ?
  established a Board of Customs in Boston.

11
Colonial Response to British Excise Taxes Duty
Collecting
Tar Feathering
The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, 1774
British propaganda print referring to the tarring
and feathering of Boston Commissioner of Customs
John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea
Party. The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm's
throat as can be seen.
12
Colonial Response to the Townshend Duties
1. John Dickinson ? 1768 Letters from
a Farmer in Pennsylvania.
2. 1768 ? 2nd non-importation movement
Daughters of Liberty spinning bees
3. Riots against customs agents John
Hancocks ship, the Liberty. 4000
British troops sent to Boston.
13
For the first time, many colonists began calling
people who joined the non-importation movement,
"patriots!"
14
The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
Boston Massacre of 1770 by Paul Revere
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The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
Boston Massacre. Henry Pelham, stepbrother of
painter John Singleton Copley. Pelham published
his design nearly two weeks after Paul Revere's.
16
The Boston Massacre Trials (1770)

• Captain Thomas Preston 8 British Soldiers Tried
  for Role in The Boston Massacre
• John AdamsDefended Captain Preston 8 British
  Soldiers
• More than 80 witnesses called to the stand to
  testify.
• Results of the Trial
• Preston was acquitted (Sons of Liberty Surprised
  Bitterseeing John Adams defended him.)
• Pvts. Montgomery and Killroy guilty of
  manslaughter, though they committed a capital
  offense, punishment ? they were branded on the
  thumb.

17
The Gaspee Incident (1772)
Providence, RI coast
18
Committees of Correspondence
Purpose ? warn neighboring colonies
about incidents with Br. ? broaden the
resistance movement.
19
Tea Act (1773)

• British East India Co.
• Monopoly on British tea imports.
• Many members of Parliament held shares.
• Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to
  colonies without colonial
  middlemen (cheaper tea!)
• North expected the colonists to eagerly
  choose the cheaper tea.

20
The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774)
Lord North
1. Boston Port Act
2. Massachusetts Government Act
3. New Quartering Act
4. Administration of Justice Act
21
The Quebec Act (1774)
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First Continental Congress (1774)
55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda ? How to respond to the Coercive Acts
the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony represented.
23
Boston Tea Party (1775)
This 1846 lithograph has become a classic image
of the Boston Tea Party.
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Boston Tea Party (1775)
Engraving. Plate by W.D. Cooper
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The British Are Coming . . .
Paul Revere William Dawes make their midnight
ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British
soldiers.
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The Shot Heard Round the World!
Lexington Concord April 18,1775
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The Second Continental Congress (1775)
Olive Branch Petition
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Was the American Revolution Inevitable??
29
Thomas Paine Common Sense
30
Declaration of Independence (1776)
31
Declaration of Independence
32
Independence Hall
33
New National Symbols