Title: The Road to Revolution
1The Road to Revolution (1761-1776)
2Was the American Revolution Inevitable??
3Theories of Representation
Real Whigs
Q-gt What was the extent of Parliaments
authority over the colonies??
Absolute?
OR Limited?
Q-gt How could the colonies give or
withhold consent for parliamentary
legislation when they did not have
representation in that body??
4Rethinking Their Empire
British Government took measures to prevent
smuggling
- 1761 ? writs of assistance
- James Otis case
- Protection of a citizens private property must
be held in higher regard than a parliamentary
statute.
- He lost ? parliamentary law and custom had
equalweight.
5George Grenvilles Program, 1763-1765
1. Sugar Act - 1764
2. Currency Act - 1764
3. Quartering Act - 1765
4. Stamp Act - 1765
6Stamp Act Crisis
Loyal Nine - 1765
Sons of Liberty began in NYC Samuel Adams
7Stamp Act Congress 1765 Stamp Act
Resolves
8Declaratory Act 1766
- Parliament passed a law giving it full authority
over the colonies. - Parliament declared all colonial laws null and
void. - Parliament denied the right to vote to colonists
living in North America.
9Costs of Colonial Resistance
10Townshend Duties Crisis 1767-1770
1767 ? William Pitt, Prime Minister Charles
Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. (Townshend
Act)
- Shift from paying taxes for British war debts
quartering of troops ? paying colonial
governments salaries.
- He diverted revenue collection from internal to
external trade.
- Tax these imports ? paper, paint, lead, glass,
tea.
- Increase custom officials at American ports ?
established a Board of Customs in Boston.
11Colonial Response to British Excise Taxes Duty
Collecting
Tar Feathering
The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, 1774
British propaganda print referring to the tarring
and feathering of Boston Commissioner of Customs
John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea
Party. The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm's
throat as can be seen.
12Colonial Response to the Townshend Duties
1. John Dickinson ? 1768 Letters from
a Farmer in Pennsylvania.
2. 1768 ? 2nd non-importation movement
Daughters of Liberty spinning bees
3. Riots against customs agents John
Hancocks ship, the Liberty. 4000
British troops sent to Boston.
13For the first time, many colonists began calling
people who joined the non-importation movement,
"patriots!"
14The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
Boston Massacre of 1770 by Paul Revere
15The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
Boston Massacre. Henry Pelham, stepbrother of
painter John Singleton Copley.Pelham published
his design nearly two weeks after Paul Revere's.
16The Boston Massacre Trials (1770)
- Captain Thomas Preston 8 British Soldiers Tried
for Role in The Boston Massacre - John AdamsDefended Captain Preston 8 British
Soldiers - More than 80 witnesses called to the stand to
testify. - Results of the Trial
- Preston was acquitted (Sons of Liberty Surprised
Bitterseeing John Adams defended him.) - Pvts. Montgomery and Killroy guilty of
manslaughter, though they committed a capital
offense, punishment ? they were branded on the
thumb.
17The Gaspee Incident (1772)
Providence, RI coast
18Committees of Correspondence
Purpose ? warn neighboring colonies
about incidents with Br. ? broaden the
resistance movement.
19Tea Act (1773)
- British East India Co.
- Monopoly on British tea imports.
- Many members of Parliament held shares.
- Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to
colonies without colonial
middlemen (cheaper tea!) - North expected the colonists to eagerly
choose the cheaper tea.
20The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774)
Lord North
1. Boston Port Act
2. Massachusetts Government Act
3. New Quartering Act
4. Administration of Justice Act
21TheQuebec Act (1774)
22First Continental Congress (1774)
55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda ? How to respond to the Coercive Acts
the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony represented.
23Boston Tea Party (1775)
This 1846 lithograph has become a classic image
of the Boston Tea Party.
24Boston Tea Party (1775)
Engraving. Plate by W.D. Cooper
25The British Are Coming . . .
Paul Revere William Dawes make their midnight
ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British
soldiers.
26The Shot Heard Round the World!
Lexington Concord April 18,1775
27The Second Continental Congress(1775)
Olive Branch Petition
28Was the American Revolution Inevitable??
29Thomas Paine Common Sense
30Declaration of Independence (1776)
31Declaration of Independence
32Independence Hall
33New National Symbols