Works Cited, Parenthetical Citations, and Plagiarism

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Works Cited, Parenthetical Citations, and
Plagiarism

• How Not To Fail Your Research Paper

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What Is Plagiarism?

• When you write a research paper, you need to make
  sure you give credit to the sources you used to
  conduct your research and find your information.
• Plagiarism is presenting information you got from
  another source as your own.
• In order to give proper credit, MLA format
  REQUIRES you to have BOTH a Works Cited page and
  parenthetical (in-text) citations.
• If you do not have both of these components,
  whether intentional or unintentional, you have
  plagiarized.

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How To Write A Works Cited Page

• Your Works Cited page must be written in MLA
  format. If you are not sure what that should look
  like, look back at the handout you received at
  the start of the research process. You can also
  look up MLA format online.

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How To Write A Works Cited Page

1. Your Works Cited page must be a page by itself.
   It cannot have any other information on it.
2. At the top center of the page, title it Works
   Cited.
3. Each of your entries should be alphabetized by
   the first word in the entry. Entries should be
   single-spaced, with a double space between each
   different source.

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Sample Works Cited Page

• Works Cited
• Doe, John. The Life of Henry VIII. Leesburg LCHS
  Publishing, 2011. Print
• Henry VIII. English Research Organization. 3
  February 2011. Web. 20 February 2011.
• Smith, Jane. Kings of England. History
  Reference Center 4.1 (2009) 15-30. Web. 20
  February 2011.

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Parenthetical (a.k.a. In-Text) Citations

• In addition to a Works Cited page, which gives
  the full bibliographic information for your
  sources, you must also include parenthetical
  (sometimes called in-text) citations as well.
• These parenthetical citations are like a
  shortened version of your full source citation.
  They let the reader know which source in your
  works cited that piece of information comes from.
  
• You need to cite after EVERY piece of information
  you took from another source, whether you
  directly quote it or you paraphrase it!!!!! If
  you have it on a note card, and you put it in
  your paper, you must cite it!!!!

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Tips For Writing Parenthetical Citations

• Your parenthetical citations come after the
  sentence that your are quoting or paraphrasing,
  after any quotation marks, before the end
  punctuation.
• For book sources, include the authors last name
  and the page number in parenthesis. Ex (Doe
  115).
• If the work does not have an author, use the
  title of the website/article instead. Ex
  (Henry VIII)

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Sample Parenthetical Citations

• King Henry VIII was a Tudor king who ruled
  during the 16th century (Doe 154). He is most
  famous for his many marriages and split with the
  Catholic Church (Henry VIII). Henry VIII was
  the father of Queen Elizabeth, one of Englands
  greatest rulers (Smith). In his book, John Doe
  states that Henry VIII was largely influential
  in shaping the England we know today (156).

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Quoting vs. Paraphrasing

• Quoting means you write down the information from
  a source word for word. When quoting a source you
  must enclose the portion of the text in quotation
  marks as well as supply an in-text citation.
• Paraphrasing means you put the information from
  the source in your own words. You need to supply
  an in-text citation for paraphrased information
  as well.

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How to Paraphrase Properly

• Look at your notes or the passage a few times,
  and then look away as you write your paraphrase.
  This will make it less likely that you will
  simply change a few words, and more likely that
  you will truly be putting the passage into your
  own words.
• Put any key words or phrases that appear
  word-for-word from the original text in quotation
  marks.
• Give an in-text citation for the information in
  proper MLA format.

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A Few Tips for Quotations

• Make sure you use quotation marks to mark the
  beginning and the end of the quotation.
• Integrate your quotes into your writing, either
  by signaling to your reader that a quote is
  coming or by explaining how the quote relates to
  the topic of your paragraph. Dont just drop and
  quotation into your paragraph without an
  explanation.
• Punctuation should come after the parenthetical
  citation. Question marks or exclamation points
  that are part of the quotation should come within
  the quotation marks.

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Proper Format for Long Quotations

• Long quotations (more than four lines) should be
  written as a block of text. Indent the entire
  quote, and do not include quotation marks. The
  in-text citation should come after the final
  punctuation.

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Sample Long Quotation

• In his book on Henry VIII, John Doe states,
• Henry VIII was a very influential monarch. His
  decision to split with the Catholic Church
  changed the face of England forever. Despite
  this major religious and political change, he is
  still remembered mainly for his many wives.
  (Doe 67)

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One more piece of advice

• If you are writing a paragraph, and you have
  several sentences of information that need to be
  cited, but they all come from the same source,
  you may put your citation at the end of that
  chunk of information, as opposed to after every
  sentence. In order to do this, you must make sure
  that the information is all clumped together, and
  that it all comes from the same exact source.
  Once you introduce information from a new source,
  you must start citing after each piece of
  information.

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An example

• Henry VIII was one of the Tudor kings of England.
  He ruled during the 16th century and was known
  for his many wives. During his reign England
  experienced much upheaval and turmoil. (Doe
  117-123). Henry was terrified of civil war, and
  so was obsessed with having a male heir to leave
  his throne (Smith).