Chapter 10 Energy In a Cell

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Chapter 10Energy In a Cell
Cellular Energy Chapter 10
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I. ATP

• All living things need energy
• In a cell, energy is released when chemical
  reactions break chemical bonds

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• ATP is adenosine triphosphate- a chemical
  compound that living organisms use to store and
  release energy
• 1. It is made when organisims break down glucose
  and starch.

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• ATP has 3 major parts
• A. Adenine
• B. Ribose
• C. Phosphate

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General Structure
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b. ATP stores energy when the third phsophate is
added

• I. With only two phosphates the molecule is
  called ADP, or adenosine diphosphate

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ADP molecule
Phosphate
Adenine
Ribose
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ii. ADP is like a re-chargeable battery
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Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Fully Charged Battery
Partially Charged Battery
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• ii. Because ATP only stores energy for a short
  period of time the cell has more ADP than ATP
• iii. Cells use the energy from carbohydrates to
  add phosphates to ADP to create more ATP when
  needed

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Energy from ATP Provides energy for metabolic
processes

1. active transport
2. moving organisms into the cell
3. Cell growth and repair
4. Movement, digestion etc.

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• 5. ATP moves two potassium and three sodium
  ions across the sodium-potassium pump in
  different direction

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• ADP P Energy ---gt ATP
• ATP --gt ADP P Energy

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Copy and complete

1. List the three parts of an ATP molecule. Adenine,
   ribose sugar, and phosphate
2. Compare and contrast ATP and ADP. ATP has one
   extra phosphate
3. How is energy released from ATP? From the bond on
   the third phosphate
4. List three transactions in a cell that require
   ATP. Active transport, cell growth, movement
5. What sugar does ADP contain? ribose
6. Where is the energy stored in ATP? From the bond
   on the third phosphate
7. What happens to ATP after the energy has been
   released? It forms ADP-like an uncharged battery

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Photosynthesis
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• I. All organisms need energy.
• a. The sun is the main source of energy for all
  living things

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• b. All living things live by releasing energy
  found in the chemical bonds of compounds such as
  glucose

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• Living things can be
• 1. Autotrophs- organism, like plant, that use
  the suns energy to make energy containing
  compounds such as sugar and carbohydrates

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• 2. Heterotrophs- organisms, like animals, that
  get energy from the sun indirectly by consuming
  food that have energy stored in them

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• II. Photosynthesis- process in which autotrophs
  use the energy in the sun to change water and
  carbon dioxide (CO2) into simple sugar and oxygen
• The equation for photosynthesis is

CO2 H2O Light -gt O2 C6H12O6
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There are two main parts of photosynthesis

• a. Light Dependent Reactions
• i. This stage requires light.
• ii. Electrons in the chlorophyll absorb the light
  energy.
• -Chlorophyll are structures in the
  chloroplasts that reflect green and yellow light
  and absorbs all others
• iii. Energy from electrons is used to convert ADP
  to ATP.

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Light Energy
Sugars O2
CO2 H2O
Sugars O2
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Absorption of Light Energy by Chlorophyll a and
Chlorophyll b
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• iv. Water molecules are split to form oxygen,
  hydrogen ions, and electrons
• v. Hydrogen ions attach to carrier molecules to
  be used in later steps of photosynthesis
• (The carrier molecule NADP becomes NADPH)

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Photosynthesis Overview
CO2 ATP NADPH
H2O
Light
ADP NADP
Chloroplast
Light Dependent Reactions
Calvin Cycle
ATP NADPH
Sugars
Oxygen
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b. Light Independent Reaction/The Calvin Cycle

• i. The second part of photosynthesis
• ii.This stage does NOT require light
• iii. Enzymes combine carbon dioxide from the
  atmosphere with the hydrogen ions (from the light
  reactions) to form simple sugars

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• iv. This stage uses the ATP from the light
  reactions and stores it in the chemical bonds of
  glucose
• v. Excess simple sugars are stored as complex
  carbohydrates---cellulose and starch
• vi. Plants break down the sugars from
  photosynthesis for growth and development

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• http//trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week3/06ca
  mc4plants.html

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Affects on the rate Photosynthesis

1. Intensity of light
2. Amount of water
3. Temperature (0-35oC)

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Copy and Complete

1. What are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose
   and oxygen
2. Where does the energy come from to convert ADP to
   ATP? electrons
3. What three factors influence the rate of
   photosynthesis? Amount of light , water and
   temperature