CHAPTER EIGHT THE JEFFERSON ERA Section One Jefferson Becomes President

1
CHAPTER EIGHT THE JEFFERSON ERASection One
Jefferson Becomes President
2
Aaron Burr
Charles C. Pinckney
3
Lets review what Jefferson and Adams and their
political partys stood for!
or agriculture
This was an election in which both partys
believed that the republics survival depended on
if their candidate won the election!
4

• -Candidates did not travel around the country
  trying to get votes like they do today.
• -Newspapers or letters were the primary way for
  supporters to build up their candidate or tear
  down their opponent.
• -Supporters of Adams portrayed Jefferson the
  following ways
• a) a pro-French radical
• b) if elected Jefferson would bring the violence
  of the French Revolution to America
• c) a godless, nonbeliever who they said wanted
  to destroy organized religion, because of his
  interest in science and philosophy
• d) he was often called a Jacobin, after the most
  radical faction in France during the French
  Revolution

5

• -Supporters of Jefferson portrayed Adams in the
  following ways
• a) as a monarchist, if elected Adams would name
  himself King
• b) he would use the new Army to limit Americans
  rights
• c) was accused of plotting to have his son marry
  one of the daughters of King George III and thus
  establish a dynasty to unite Britain and the
  United States
• -Hamilton of his own party said Adams was
  emotionally unstable, given to impulsive and
  irrational decisions, unable to coexist with his
  closest advisers, and generally unfit to be
  President

6
ELECTION OF 1800
Jefferson Burr received an equal number of
votes in the Electoral College This meant that
the Federalist-dominated House of Representatives
was required to choose a president
7

• -Two Democratic-Republicans finished tied to be
  President
• -Hamilton pushed for Jefferson, because he felt
  that Burr was unreliable and did not like him at
  all.
• -This causes a major problem between Burr and
  Hamilton in years to come
• -Burr became Jeffersons vice-president.
• -The 1796 and 1800 Elections led to passage of
  the Twelfth Amendment
• -That amendment stated that the president and
  vice-president would be together on separate
  ballots.

8
REVOLUTION OF 1800
John S. Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Federalist
Democratic/Republican

• Significance of Election of 1800
• Peaceful transfer of power from one political
  party to another (bloodless revolution)
• Revolutionary achievement
• Jefferson referred to his victory and the
  subsequent change over as the bloodless
  revolution

9

• JEFFERSON IS INAUGURATED
• -Inauguration took place in Washington, D.C. near
  the executive mansion (White House) and the not
  yet completed Capital building.
• -Jefferson walked to his inauguration on March 4,
  1801
• -In his inaugural speech, Jefferson made it clear
  that he
  supported the will of the people
  
• stressed limited government
  supported majority rule
• supported protection for civil liberties

Capital building in 1800!
10

• JEFFERSON IN OFFICE
• -Jefferson had a Democratic-Republican congress
  in both houses
• got Congress to allow the Alien and Sedition
  Acts to expire
• cut military spending and reduced the size of
  the military
• reduced domestic taxes such as the whiskey tax
• -Jefferson hoped these savings would help us pay
  down the national debt
• -He believed in a small government and at this
  time it consisted of a few hundred people
• -He believed that the governments primary
  functions were
• to protect the nation from foreign threats
• deliver the mail
• collect customs duties
• -Jefferson did not agree with the National Bank,
  but allowed it to continue

11
Marbury v. Madison
12
Marbury v. Madison

• 1. On Adams last day as president, he fills
  courts with as many Federalist leaning judges as
  possible

These appointments were called midnight judges
- Adams waited until 9 oclock on his last night
as President to appoint them.
13
Marbury v. Madison

• 2. Jefferson becomes President the next day but
  some of Adams judges have not yet received their
  official forms
• a. Jefferson says they cannot
  be judges

14
Marbury v. Madison

• b. Jefferson orders James Madison
  (Secretary of State) not to give out the
  papers to the midnight judges

15
Marbury v. Madison

• 3. William Marbury is one of the midnight
  judges affected by Jeffersons decision

16
Marbury v. Madison

• a. Marbury demands that the Supreme
  Court examine the case and force the
  executive branch to hand out his
  papers

17
Marbury v. Madison

• 4. Marbury says Judiciary Act of 1789 gives the
  Supreme Court the right to do this

18
Marbury v. Madison

• 5. John Marshall, the chief justice and a
  Federalist, appointed by President Adams, agrees
  to listen to Marburys case

19
Marbury v. Madison

• a. Marshall agrees that Marbury had
  been treated unfairly

AND..
20
Marbury v. Madison

• b. that the Judiciary Act would allow the
  Supreme Court to force Madison into making
  Marbury a judge

BUT.
21
Marbury v. Madison

• c. Marshall has to decide if this is
  constitutional or unconstitutional?
  

22
Marbury v. Madison

• 6. Marshall decides that forcing the government
  to make Marbury a judge would be
  unconstitutional, because the law Marbury sued
  under did not meet the criteria

23
Marbury v. Madison

• 7. Marshalls ruling established Judicial
  Review meaning the Supreme Court can declare
  acts of Congress unconstitutional

24
Marbury v. Madison

• a. Judicial review has increased the Supreme
  Courts legal authority making it a much
  stronger branch and part of the law making
  process