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Unit C. Basic Principles of Agricultural/Horticultural Science

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Biogenesis Means that life comes from life. Nonliving things cannot produce life. When reproducing, life produces life that is similar to itself. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Unit C. Basic Principles of Agricultural/Horticultural Science


1
  • Unit C. Basic Principles of Agricultural/Horticult
    ural Science
  • Understanding Cells, Genetics, and Reproduction

2
Next Generation Science/Common Core standards
Addressed!
  • MS-LS1-6. Construct a scientific explanation
    based on evidence for the role of photosynthesis
    in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into
    and out of organisms.
  • RST.6-8.1 Determine the central ideas or
    conclusions of a text provide an accurate
    summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge
    or opinions. (MS-LS1-6)
  • WHST.6-8.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to
    examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and
    information through the selection, organization,
    and analysis of relevant content. (MS-LS1-6)

3
Bell Work!
  • What is the primary difference between plant and
    animal cells?
  • What is the purpose of the cell nucleus?
  • Where is chlorophyll found/its use.

4
Terms
  • Chlorophyll
  • Mitochondria
  • Organelles
  • Cytoplasm
  • Chromosome
  • Nucleus
  • Biogenesis
  • Multicellular
  • Unicellular
  • Biogenesis
  • Eukaryotic
  • Prokaryotic

5
Student Learning Objectives
  • Describe the cells role as the structural unit.
  • Identify the various components of animal and
    plant cells and explain their functions.

6
What is the cells roll in an organism?
  • Cells are the basic units of life.
  • Two categories based on structural components
  • Prokaryotic cells are cells that lack a nucleus.
  • Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a
    distinct cell nucleus.

7
Organisms are grouped by number of cells.
  • Unicellular organisms are organisms that have
    only one cell.
  • Multicellular organisms are organisms that are
    composed of many cells.

8
Biogenesis
  • Means that life comes from life.
  • Nonliving things cannot produce life.
  • When reproducing, life produces life that is
    similar to itself.

9
What are the parts of a cell and their functions?
  • Cells of all organisms have the same basic cell
    make-up, or cell structure.
  • Differences do occur however between the cells of
    plants and animals.

10
Cell membrane
  • Outside wall of the cell, which is made of a thin
    layer of lipids or fat.
  • The functions of the cell membrane are to
  • Separate the cell contents from the external
    environment.
  • Allow raw materials (carbohydrates proteins) to
    enter the cell.
  • Allow newly made proteins and waste to exit the
    cell.

11
Nucleus
  • Brain of the cell.
  • Controls all of the cells activity.
  • Surrounded by the nuclear membrane, which
    functions similarly as the cell membrane.
  • Also contains chromosomes, which are small
    strands of genetic material.

12
Cytoplasm
  • Jelly-like substance between the cell membrane
    and the nuclear membrane.
  • Contains several specialized structures called
    organelles.

13
Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Network of membranes that connect the cell
    membrane to the nucleus.
  • There are two sections of the endoplasmic
    reticulum.
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site for the
    production of lipids (fats) and hormones.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum produces the proteins
    for the cell.

14
Mitochondria
  • Small, egg-shaped organelles which manufacture
    adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
  • ATP is used as an energy source for the cell.
  • It converts food into energy through cellular
    respiration.

15
Lysosomes
  • Round organelles, which cause the digestion of
    proteins through the release of enzymes.
  • These enzymes are made by the Golgi apparatus.

16
Golgi Apparatus
  • Consists of flattened membrane sacs that receive
    substances transported from the endoplasmic
    reticulum.
  • It also stores the substances and alters their
    chemical structure.

17
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18
Vacuole
  • The is a large sac bound by a membrane.
  • It may occupy up to 90 of the cell.
  • The vacuole contains water, stored foods, salts,
    pigments, and wastes.
  • Found only in plants.

19
Chloroplasts
  • Contain green pigments called chlorophyll that
    trap light energy for photosynthesis.
  • Chlorophyll is produced in cells exposed to light
    and are abundant in leaves.

20
Cell wall
  • Made of multiple layers of cellulose.
  • Cellulose is a complex sugar molecule.
  • The cell wall thickens and becomes rigid, once
    cell stops growing.

21
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22
The End!
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