The Civil War

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The Civil War
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USA CSA

• The Flags

(Battle Flag)
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The Presidents

• Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

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Billy Yank and Johnny Reb

• The common man soldier
• Enlisted and usually infantry
• Generally aged 17-25
• Died by the thousands

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Fight Begins

• The Union left forces on Fort Sumter in SC
• SC Confederacy wanted them out
• They attacked the fort several times
• South won and North left the fort
• Start of the Civil War

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The Divisions of the Civil War Army

• Cavalry
• Artillery
• Infantry

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The Draft

• The North
• 1863, required military service for all white
  males 20 to 45.
• Could pay 300 or hire a substitute to serve
• Riot over draft
• 100 died in New York City
• The South
• Required 3-year military service for all white
  men 18-35
• later moved to age 50
• Large slave owners excused wealthy hired
  substitutes

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The Unions Strategy

• Gain control of the Mississippi River and split
  the Confederacy in half
• Blockade the South to keep it from sending cotton
  to Britain and France in return for weapons and
  supplies.
• ANACONDA PLAN

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• Anaconda Plan

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The Confederacy's Strategy

• Fight a war of attrition
• Turn back every Union advance until the British
  or French joined their side
• Fight defensively
• Make the people of the North weary of fighting
• Force Lincoln to negotiate

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Important Northern Generals

• General Ulysses Grant led Northern Army in the
  West to try to seize the Mississippi River was
  later fired by Lincoln as commander of Union
  troops
• William Tecumseh Sherman Took over after
  McClellan, was appointed to take Georgia and
  split the Confederacy

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Important Southern Generals

• Robert E. Lee
• Trained at West Point
• Top student
• Became Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia
• Known as a crafty, smart soldier
• Well liked by his troops
• Was asked by Lincoln to serve as Union general,
  but refused saying his allegiance was first with
  Virginia

• Thomas Stonewall Jackson
• Also attended West Point
• Popular, intelligent instructor at VMI
• Well liked by troops
• A very religious man who did not believe in
  fighting on Sundays
• Known for the quote, "There is Jackson standing
  like a stone wall

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Battle of Antietam

• Lee invaded Maryland, hoping for European support
• North lost 12,000 and Lee 14,000 retreated to
  VA As Lee withdrew, McClellan did not attack
• President Davis was not happy with Lees
  defensive victory and wanted him to make a major
  push north

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The Battle of Antietam

• Lees army of 40,000 met McClellans 80,000 men
  at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, VA
• McClellan found Lees
• battle plans, due to a fatal
• stroke of bad luck
• The Rebel forces lost
• 25 of their men
• Bloodiest one-day battle of war

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The Emancipation Proclamation

• Jan. 1, 1863, Lincoln
• issued the Emancipation
• Proclamation as a tactic to end the war
• Freed slaves in areas of
• rebellion against the government
• Did NOT free slaves in border states that had NOT
  succeeded

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Effects of the Proclamation

• Inspired southern slaves to escape to the
  protection of Union troops
• Encouraged African Americans to serve in the
  Union army

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African American Soldiers

• By 1865 180,000 African Americans had enlisted in
  the federal army
• Served in all-black regiments

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Andersonville, GeorgiaPrison Camp

• Over 45,000 Union soldiers went to Andersonville
  during the 14 months that it was in existence. Of
  these, 12,912 died from disease, overcrowding, or
  exposure. They were buried shoulder to shoulder
  in trenches near the prison.
• 100 died a day of starvation or exposure
• Commander Henry Wirz hanged for murder and abuse

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Men Rescued from Andersonville
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The Gettysburg Campaign

• Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• The Battle was the largest of
• the war.
• July 1-3, 1863
• Lee launched a fierce assault on the center of
  the Union forces.

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Picketts Charge- July 3

• Between 100 and 200 pm, General Longstreet was
  ordered against his will to head across no mans
  land
• The Billy Yanks were waiting on top of Cemetery
  Ridge with reinforcements who were loaded with
  rifles and artillery
• The Johnny Rebs were slaughtered first by
  artillery and then by minie balls

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The Results of Gettysburg

• The two armies suffered between 46,000 and 51,000
  casualties.
• Nearly 1/3 of Lees general officers were killed.
• Southern morale was ravaged and they were
  vulnerable to another attack.
• But a second attack never cameLincoln was
  furious.
• Bloodiest 3 days of the war. The South was never
  able to launch an offensive campaign again. True
  Turning Point of the War.

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After the Battle
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Gettysburg Facts

• Bloodiest battle of war
• Union had 23,000 casualties
• South had 28,000 casualties
• July 4, 1863, Lee retreats to Virginia

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The Gettysburg Address

• Lincolns moving speech is among the most famous
  in U.S. History

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Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal. Now
we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on
a great battlefield of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
resting place for those who here gave their lives
that that nation might live. It is altogether
fitting and proper that we should do this. But,
in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can
not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
here, have consecrated it, far above our poor
power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here, but it
can never forget what they did here. It is for us
the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
unfinished work which they who fought here have
thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us
to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before usthat from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotionthat we
here highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vainthat this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedomand that
government of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.
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After Gettysburg

• Southern Campaign
• The Tennessee Campaign becomes more important as
  General William Rosecrans (USA) followed orders
  to push General Braxton Bragg (CSA) into northern
  Georgia
• Union troops then planned to attack Chattanooga
  one of the Souths only important railroad
  centers

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Chickamauga1863

• Georgia was mostly left out of the first 3 years
  of fighting.
• By 1863, Union wanted to take Chattanooga and
  move south.
• Surprise awaited Union soldiers, when
  Confederates hit them hard at Chickamauga just
  south of Chattanooga

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Chickamauga1963

• The Confederate force of 70,000 beat the Union
  force of 56,000.
• The Rebels lost 18,454 and the Yankees 16,179 in
  the bloodiest two days of the War.
• Largest battle fought in Georgia.

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Grants Total War

• Lincoln promoted General Grant to the rank of Lt.
  General and gave him total command of the Union
  forces
• He called off the gentlemens war
• Make war not only on the Confederate army but on
  the Southern people as well

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Grants Right Hand ManWilliam Tecumseh Sherman
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• Spring/Summer 1864-
• In an attempt to end the war, Grant directed
  William T. Sherman to march Union troops into
  Georgia to capture Atlanta.
• General Sherman had orders to seize Atlanta, a
  rail and industrial center
• Sherman had 98,000 Union troops with him

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• Spring/Summer 1864-
• Important battles were fought at Dalton, Resaca,
  Allatoona, and Kennesaw Mountain.
• Confederate troops could slow, but not stop, the
  Union army.

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• September 2, 1864-
• Atlanta falls to Shermans army.

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• November-December 1864
• Leaving Atlanta in flames, Sherman marches 300
  miles toward Savannah, burning everything in a
  path 60 miles wide.

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Dec. 22, 1864 Sherman telegraphs Lincoln I
beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City
of Savannah with one hundred fifty heavy guns,
plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five
thousand bales of cotton. The cotton sold for
28 million dollars. Sherman did not
burn Savannah.
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• January, 1865-
• The last Confederate port is closed.

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• January, 1865-
• President Davis last order as president of the
  Confederacy was to destroy anything in Richmond
  that the Union army could use.

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• April 3rd, 1865
• Richmond is captured.

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• April 9th, 1865
• Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant meet in the
  parlor of a farmhouse owned by Wilmer McLean near
  Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

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• April 10th, 1865
• The formal document of surrender is signed. The
  war is over.

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• April 12th, 1865
• The Confederate flag comes down and the stars and
  stripes is raised over the capitol in Richmond.

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• It was now Lincolns task of reconstructing the
  United States. He believed that both sides
  shared the blame for the war. He knew he would be
  bitterly opposed by the Radical Republicans.

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• April 14th, 1865
• Lincoln and his wife go to Fords Theater to see
  a comedy, Our American Cousin.

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• April 14th, 1865
• John Wilkes Booth entered the box and fired a
  shot at the back of the Presidents head.

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• April 14th, 1865
• Lincoln was taken across the street to the
  Peterson House where he died the next morning.

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Lincolns Rocking Chair at Fords Theatre
Bed in which Lincoln Died
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Lincoln Laying in State
Funeral Hearse
Funeral Procession
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The Death of a President

• Did not live to see the peace he helped to create
• Did not get to help heal the wounds of the nation.

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Booths Escape Route
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Booths Hideout

• Garret's Farmhouse

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• April 15th, 1865
• Vice-President Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th
  president of the United States.

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• May 4th , 1865
• Lincoln is buried in Springfield, Illinois.

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• May 5th ,1865
• Confederate officials, on the run, meet for the
  last time in Washington, Georgia.

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• May 10th , 1865
• President Davis is arrested in Irwinville,
  Georgia.

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• May 11th ,1865
• Vice-President Alexander Stephens is arrested in
  Crawfordville, Georgia.

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How would the South be Treated After the War??

• Welcomed Back??
• OrPaid Back???
• Find out in learning about Reconstruction!!!