Title: Regulation of Gene Expression
1? ? ? ?
??????
Regulation of Gene Expression
2? ? ????????
Basic Conceptions and Principle
3?????????
???(genome) ??????????????????????? ??????????
????????????????????????????
4???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????
,???????????????
5????????
??
???????????????,rRNA?tRNA?????????????????rR
NA?tRNA,??rRNA?tRNA?????,??rRNA?tRNA??????????????
?
?????????
6?????????? ?????????????
???????(?4000???),???????5-10????????,????
???????????,???????? ????????10????,????????
????????????,??????????,??????????????????1????,??
??????????????????????,????????20??????????
7??????????????
(?)?????
8(?)?????
????????,????????????????????,?????????????(spatia
l specificity)?
?????????????????????,????????????????,???????????
??????(cell or tissue specificity)?
9?????????
????????,?????????
(?)?????
????
?????????????????????,?????????(housekeeping
gene)?
10????????,?????????????,???????????????????????????
,?????????????,????????????????(constitutive gene
expression)? ????????????????????RNA??????????
????????????,????????,????????????????
11(?)???????
?????(adaptive expression)????????????????????????
??????????????,?????????????,??????????????,?
??????????????????????????,????????????????????,?
???????????????????
12 ??????????,????????,????????,????????????
????(induction)
????????????,????????,?????????????
?DNA?????,?????????
13???????????????,???????????
14????????,??????????,??????????,???????????,??????(
coordinate expression),??????????(coordinate
regulation)?
15??????????????
(?)????????????
(?)?????????
16?????????????
(?)?????????
????
???? ????? mRNA??
????
??????????????
17(?)????????????
????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????
?
1. ??DNA????????
18????
???(operon) ??
19?RNA?????????????DNA???
1) ????
20????(consensus sequence) ??????????????
??????(???)??RNA?????????????????????????
212? ????
????(repressor)?????
?????????????,???RNA???????????,??RNA??????DNA????
,?????
223) ???????????
??
????(activator)??????????DNA??,??RNA???????????,??
RNA??????
23??????????????,RNA?????????????????
24????
???????????????????(5?) ??? ??? ???
25- ??????????????????
- ???????????????????????? ,?TATA??CAAT??,???????RNA
????????????????
262) ?????????
??????(trans-acting factor)
???????????????,?????????????????????,??????
?????????????
????
27????????????????????????,?????????,??????
????
28???????????????????????????????????,????DNA???????
????????????
29???????????DNA?,??????-???????,?????(dimer)????(po
lymer)?(?????) ???????DNA?,????????????????
???????????????????,???????????????????
303. RNA???
? ??????/??????RNA?????
??????/????????????RNA?????????,???????????????
?????????????? ??,????????RNA-pol????????????,??
???RNA-pol???????????,????????????
31? ?????RNA?????
????????????,???????????????(?????????)?????????,?
???DNA-???????-?????????RNA?????,???????????,?????
?????
?????
???RNA????70 (????????)??32??,?????????????
32? ? ? ????????
Regulation of Prokaryotic Gene Transcription
33(?)s????RNA????????
????RNA-pol,??????s??
(?)?????????
(?)?????????????
34???
??????????????????????(operon)????,??????????
???? ??????,????????????,??????????????,????
??????????(operon)
35??????
- ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
????
36???????????
37???????????
(?)?????(lac operon)???
38(?)?????????
???????
39??????
40(?)CAP?????
????,cAMP????
????,cAMP????
41??
1)???????????
????????????R,R???????,??????????DDRP??,??????
??
2)????,?????
??????????????,???????,??,??????,cAMP???,CAP??????
???
??????,???????,?????
423)????,??????
?????????,???????,???????????????
??????,cAMP???,CAP?????????,??????????,???????
????
434)???,?????
???????,???cAMP???,cAMP?CAP??????,?DNA??,???D
DRP????,?????
?????????,???????,???????????????,????????DDR
P????,?????????,??????????????????
??????,???????,?????? ??????,?????
44(?)????
???????????,CAP??????????
???CAP??,???????????????,??????????
???????,????????? ?????????/???????,??????????
???? lac ???????????????(catabolic repression)?
45?????????????
????????? 1)???Rho????? 2)????Rho???????????
????????????????????,?????????,???????,????????
??????,????????
46?????????????
???????????????
1???????????
- ??????mRNA???,?????????????,??????
- ???????????mRNA,???????,??????
472???RNA????????
- ???????RNA,????RNA
- ??RNA????????RNA,?????mRNA????????????,???mRNA???
??30S????AUG?????SD?????,??????? - ??RNA?????,??????
48? ? ? ????????
Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Transcription
49???????????
(?)?????????
50(?)????
????(monocistron) ?????????????mRNA??,???????????
(?)????(?????????)
(?)??????????
51????????????
(?)RNA???
???????RNA pol??????????RNA???,?????????RNA?
??RNA????????????????,???????????????
52(?)?????????
1. ??????
??????????,?????????????
2. DNA??????
????DNA???????????
?????
533. DNA??????
CpG?????????????5????CpG??
4. ?????
? ??Lys??????? ? H2A, H2B????????? ? ????? ?
H3???????
54(?)?????????
????????????????????,????????
(?)????????
55????????????
(?)??????
1. ???
????????RNA??????????????????,????????????????????
???
56TATA? ????TF-?D????
?????? CAAT??(?)GC? TATA? ?????
???????TATA? ?????
??,??????????TATA?
572. ???(enhancer)
?????????????????????????????????DNA??,???????????
????????
??
???????5?3?????? ????????????????? ???????????
???????? ?????????????? ??????????????
583. ???(silencer)
???????????,???????????,???????????
59(?)??????
- ??DNA???????????
- ?????????????DNA??????,???????,??????-???????????D
NA? - ???-????DNA-??????,???????????,??????????????????
- ????????????????,?????????????
601. ????????(?????)
?????? (general transcription factors)
?RNA??????????????????,????RNA(mRNA?tRNA?rRNA)????
?? ????,?TF?D????,????????????RNA?????,???????
61?????? (special transcription factors)
?????????????????????????????????.??????????,?????
????????????
??????(?????????)
??????(?????????,?????????,????????)
622. ????????
63????DNA???
1. ??(zinc finger)
???GC?
C Cys H His
?????????DNA??????,??5 ?????
64Cys
Zn
His
65 2. a-??
???CAAT?
66 3. ?????
67(?)mRNA ????????
TBP????
??RNA????????????,??????????
68????????????????
???DNA??????????????????
????????????????DNA???
?????DNA?????,???????????????,?????????????