Helium-neon laser light {image} is sent through a 0.22 mm-wide single slit. What is the width of the central maximum on a screen 1.2 m from the slit?

1
Helium-neon laser light image is sent through a
0.22 mm-wide single slit. What is the width of
the central maximum on a screen 1.2 m from the
slit?

1. 5.9 mm
2. 3.5 cm
3. 4.2 cm
4. 3.4 mm
5. 6.9 mm

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2
The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit width
of 0.55 mm in daylight. What is the angular
resolution of the cat's eye in daylight image ?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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3
A narrow slit is illuminated with mercury yellow
light of wavelength 579 nm. If the central
maximum extends to image how wide is the slit?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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4
How wide must a narrow slit be if the first
diffraction minimum occurs at image with laser
light of 605 nm?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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5
Plane waves of ultrasound, image impinge on a
flat plane with a 1.09 cm-wide slit. What is the
total angular width image of diffracted sound
waves when the speed of sound in air is 332 m/sec?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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6
A ruby laser beam image is sent outwards from a
2.3-m diameter telescope to the moon, 384,000 km
away. What is the radius of the big red spot on
the moon?

1. 280 m
2. 1.3 km
3. 120 m
4. 2.5 km
5. 140 m

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7
The large space telescope that has been placed
into an Earth orbit has an aperture diameter of
2.2 meters. What angular resolution will this
telescope achieve for visible light of wavelength
image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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8
At what distance could one theoretically
distinguish two automobile headlights separated
by 1.5 meters? Assume a pupil diameter of 0.47 cm
and yellow headlights seen at the wavelength
image Assume eye fluid has an average n 1.33.

1. 4.2 km
2. 16 km
3. 8.2 km
4. 23 km
5. 8.9 km

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9
A binary star system in the constellation Cetus
has an angular separation between the two stars
of image radians. If image what is the
smallest aperture (diameter) telescope that may
be used to resolve the two stars?

1. 4 m
2. 10 cm
3. 0.6 cm
4. 40 cm
5. 0.7 cm

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10
A radar installation operates at 6,300 MHz with
an antenna (dish) that is 18 meters across.
Determine the maximum distance (in kilometers)
for which this system can distinguish two
aircraft 140 meters apart.

1. 430 km
2. 43 km
3. 8,700 km
4. 5.4 km
5. 53 km

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11
Monochromatic light from a He-Ne laser image is
incident on a diffraction grating containing
5,630 lines/cm. Determine the angle of the
first-order maximum.

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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12
A helium-neon laser image is used to calibrate
a diffraction grating. If the first-order maximum
occurs at image what is the line spacing, d?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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13
Determine the number of grating lines necessary
to resolve the 468.01 nm and 467.82 nm zinc and
cadmium lines in second order.

1. 480
2. 900
3. 360
4. 2,460
5. 1,200

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14
Two spectral lines in a mixture of hydrogen and
deuterium gas have wavelengths of 656.30 nm and
656.48 nm, respectively. Determine the number of
lines a diffraction grating must have to resolve
these two wavelengths in first order.

1. 1,820
2. 3,950
3. 1,860
4. 7,720
5. 3,650

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15
White light is spread out into spectral hues by a
diffraction grating. If the grating has 1,120
lines per cm, at what angle will blue light
image appear in first order?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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16
In an X-ray diffraction experiment using X-rays
of image a first-order maximum occurred at
image Find the crystal plane spacing.

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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17
A beam of X-rays of different frequencies is
reflected at 13 degrees off a crystal of
interatomic spacing 0.17 nm. Which X-ray
wavelength is preferentially reflected?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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18
If the interplanar spacing of NaCl is image
what is the predicted angle at which X-rays of
wavelength 0.291 nm will be diffracted in a
first-order maximum?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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19
Unpolarized light is passed through three
successive Polaroid filters, each with its
transmission axis at image to the preceding
filter. What percentage of light gets through?

1. 25.9
2. 0
3. 13.9
4. 13.4
5. 37.2

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20
What is the relative intensity of blue light
image to red light image in the scattered
light in the Earth's atmosphere?

1. 34 5
2. 5 34
3. 29 2
4. 4 18
5. 71 44

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21
Sunlight reflected from a smooth ice surface is
completely polarized. Determine the angle of
incidence. image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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22
How far above the horizon is the moon when its
image, reflected in a calm lake, is completely
polarized? image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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23
Light reflected off a plate-glass window image
is found to be completely polarized at
angle-of-incidence image Find image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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24
The polarizing angle in air for crystalline LiF
is image Calculate the critical angle inside
the crystal for total internal reflection.

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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25
If the polarizing angle (the angle at which
reflected light is completely plane polarized) of
a flat piece of image is image what is its
index of refraction?

1. 4.43
2. 3.48
3. 1.02
4. 1.44
5. 1.51

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26
The hydrogen spectrum has a red line at 612 nm,
and a blue line at 405 nm. What is the first
order angular separation between the two spectral
lines obtained with a diffraction grating with
4,300 rulings/cm?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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27
Potassium Iodide (chemical formula KI) has a
face-centered cubic structure (just like sodium
chloride). If the distance between crystal planes
is image and X-rays of wavelength image are
used, what is the smallest angle image at which
a diffraction maximum may be obtained?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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28
What, approximately, are the dimensions of the
smallest object on Earth that the astronauts can
resolve by eye at 170 km height from the space
shuttle? Assume image light and a pupil
diameter image Assume eye fluid has an average
image

1. 22 m
2. 29 m
3. 17 m
4. 220 m
5. 190 m

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29
Polarized light is to have its polarization plane
rotated by image In which of the following
cases does the final beam have the greatest
intensity?

1. 3 polarizing filters, each rotating the beam by
   image
2. 2 polarizing filters, both rotating the beam by
   image
3. 1 polarizing filter, rotating the beam by image
4. None of above, polarized light can't be rotated.

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30
If the polarizing angle for cubic zirconia
(zirconium oxide) is image what is the index of
refraction of the material?

1. 2.6
2. 1.7
3. 2.4
4. 1.5
5. 2.2

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31
When you look at a single slit diffraction
pattern produced on a screen by light of a single
wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and
a number of maxima on either side, their
intensity decreasing with distance from the
central maximum. If the wavelength of the light
is increased, _____ .

1. the pattern shrinks in size (central maximum less
   wide other maxima in closer to it)
2. the pattern increases in size (central maximum
   wider other maxima farther from it)
3. it does not affect the size of the pattern
4. the width of the central maximum decreases, but
   the other maxima do not change in position or
   width
5. the width of the central maximum increases, but
   the other maxima do not change in position or
   width

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32
When you look at a single slit diffraction
pattern produced on a screen by light of a single
wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and
a number of maxima on either side, their
intensity decreasing with distance from the
central maximum. If the width of the slit is
decreased, _____.

1. the pattern increases in size (central maximum
   wider other maxima farther from it)
2. the width of the central maximum increases, but
   the other maxima do not change in position or
   width
3. it does not affect the size of the pattern
4. the pattern shrinks in size (central maximum less
   wide other maxima in closer to it)
5. the width of the central maximum decreases, but
   the other maxima do not change in position or
   width

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33
When you look at a single slit diffraction
pattern produced on a screen by light of a single
wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and
a number of maxima on either side, their
intensity decreasing with distance from the
central maximum. If the width of the slit is
increased, _____.

1. it does not affect the size of the pattern
2. the width of the central maximum increases, but
   the other maxima do not change in position or
   width
3. the width of the central maximum decreases, but
   the other maxima do not change in position or
   width
4. the pattern shrinks in size (central maximum less
   wide other maxima in closer to it)
5. the pattern increases in size (central maximum
   wider other maxima farther from it)

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34
You could determine the index of refraction for
visible light of a dark but reflective medium
such as black glass by measuring the _____.

1. angles of incidence and refraction
2. smallest angle at which X-ray diffraction occurs
   in the glass
3. smallest angle at which diffraction occurs for
   visible light when a diffraction pattern is
   scratched onto the surface
4. angle of reflection for an arbitrary angle of
   incidence
5. angle at which reflected light is completely
   polarized

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35
A slit of variable width illuminated by light of
wavelength image is widened until the first
order diffraction minimum moves out to a distance
infinitely far away from the brightest location
in the central maximum. What is the width of the
slit in terms of the wavelength?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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36
The centers of two slits of width a are a
distance d apart. If the fourth minimum of the
interference pattern occurs at the location of
the first minimum of the diffraction pattern for
light of wavelength image what is the ratio
image equal to?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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37
The centers of two slits of width a are a
distance d apart. If the first minimum of the
interference pattern occurs at the location of
the first minimum of the diffraction pattern for
light of wavelength image what is the ratio
image equal to?

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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38
Which of the patterns shown below would appear on
a screen when monochromatic light first passes
through a narrow slit for which image and then
strikes the screen? Note that the darkest area in
each illustration represents the brightest area
on the screen. image

1. c
2. b
3. e
4. a
5. d

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39
Scattered light in the atmosphere is often
partially polarized. What is the best way to
determine whether or not light from a particular
direction in the sky shows polarization?

1. To rotate a piece of polaroid film about an axis
   perpendicular to the ray while looking through it
   in that direction.
2. To reflect the rays from that direction on a
   shiny metal surface.
3. To rotate a piece of polaroid film about an axis
   parallel to the ray while looking through it in
   that direction.
4. To squint while looking in that direction.
5. To diffract the light through a single slit.

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40
When you look through a sheer curtain at a
distant street lamp, you see a pattern of colored
spots of light. This occurs by _____ .

1. reflection of light waves by the sides of the
   threads
2. interference of light waves that pass through the
   threads with light waves that pass through the
   openings between the threads
3. polarization of light in scattering and partial
   absorption by the threads
4. diffraction of light waves passing through the
   two dimensional pattern of openings between the
   threads
5. refraction of light waves differentially in the
   cylindrical threads

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41
Suppose the slit width in the figure below is
made half as wide. The central bright fringe
_____. image

1. becomes wider.
2. remains the same.
3. becomes narrower.

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42
If a classroom door is open slightly, you can
hear sounds coming from the hallway. Yet you
cannot see what is happening in the hallway. Why
is there this difference?

1. Light waves do not diffract through the single
   slit of the open doorway.
2. Sound waves can pass through the walls, but light
   waves cannot.
3. The open door is a small slit for sound waves,
   but a large slit for light waves.
4. The open door is a large slit for sound waves,
   but a small slit for light waves.

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43
Consider the central peak in the diffraction
envelope in the figure below. Suppose the
wavelength of the light is changed to 450 nm.
What happens to this central peak? image

1. The width of the peak decreases and the number of
   interference fringes it encloses decreases.
2. The width of the peak decreases and the number of
   interference fringes it encloses increases.
3. The width of the peak decreases and the number of
   interference fringes it encloses remains the
   same.
4. The width of the peak increases and the number of
   interference fringes it encloses decreases.
5. The width of the peak increases and the number of
   interference fringes it encloses increases.
6. The width of the peak increases and the number of
   interference fringes it encloses remains the same.

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44
Cat's eyes have pupils that can be modeled as
vertical slits. At night, would cats be more
successful in resolving _____?

1. headlights on a distant car
2. vertically-separated lights on the mast of a
   distant boat

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45
Suppose you are observing a binary star with a
telescope and are having difficulty resolving the
two stars. You decide to use a colored filter to
maximize the resolution. (A filter of a given
color transmits only that color of light.) What
color filter should you choose?

1. blue
2. green
3. yellow
4. red

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46
If laser light is reflected from a phonograph
record or a compact disc, a diffraction pattern
appears. This is due to the fact that both
devices contain parallel tracks of information
that act as a reflection diffraction grating.
Which device, _____, results in diffraction
maxima that are farther apart in angle?

1. record
2. compact disc

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47
Ultraviolet light of wavelength 350 nm is
incident on a diffraction grating with slit
spacing d and forms an interference pattern on a
screen a distance L away. The angular positions
image of the interference maxima are large. The
locations of the bright fringes are marked on the
screen. Now red light of wavelength 700 nm is
used with a diffraction grating to form another
diffraction pattern on the screen. The bright
fringes of this pattern will be located at the
marks on the screen if _____.

1. the screen is moved to a distance 2L from the
   grating
2. the screen is moved to a distance image from
   the grating
3. the grating is replaced with one of slit spacing
   2d
4. the grating is replaced with one of slit spacing
   image
5. nothing is changed

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48
A polarizer for microwaves can be made as a grid
of parallel metal wires about a centimeter apart.
Is the electric field vector for microwaves
transmitted through this polarizer _____?

1. parallel to the metal wires
2. perpendicular to the metal wires

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49
You are walking down a long hallway that has many
light fixtures in the ceiling and a very shiny,
newly waxed floor. In the floor, you see
reflections of every light fixture. Now you put
on sunglasses that are polarized. Some of the
reflections of the light fixtures can no longer
be seen (Try this!) The reflections that
disappear are those _____.

1. nearest to you
2. farthest from you
3. at an intermediate distance from you

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50
For a particular transparent medium surrounded by
air, find the dependence between the critical
angle for total internal reflection and the
polarizing angle.

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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51
In the figure below, suppose that the
transmission axes of the left and right
polarizing disks are perpendicular to each other.
Also, let the center disk be rotated on the
common axis with an angular speed image Assume
that unpolarized light is incident on the left
disk with an intensity image Find the intensity
of the beam emerging from the right disk.
Suggestion Use the trigonometric identities
image and image and recall that image
image

1. image
2. image
3. image
4. image
5. image

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