WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20 MASS SOCIETY AND DEMOCRACY

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WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 20MASS SOCIETY AND
DEMOCRACY
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Section 1 The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

• New Products
• Steel ? took the place of iron...helped make
  machines lighter, smaller, faster
• Steel Production (GB, France, Germany, Belgium)
• 1860 125,000 tons
• 1913 32,000,000 tons

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Section 1 The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

• New Products
• Electricity ? used for heat, light, motion
• Thomas Edison developed first American light
  bulb
• Alexander Graham Bell telephone
• Guglielmo Marconi radio
• Wright Brothers - airplane

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Section 1 The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

• New Patterns
• Wages increased product costs went down
• Assembly line ? new manufacturing method
  developed by Henry Ford...allowed Ford to mass
  produce his Model T automobile
• Europe divided into two economic zones...Western
  Europe becomes industrialized wealthy...Eastern
  Europe remained agricultural poor

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Section 1 The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

• The Communist Manifesto
• Written in 1848 by Karl Marx Friedrich Engels
• Said society was split into two groups
• Bourgeoisie middle class...the oppressors
• Proletariat working class...the oppressed
• Marx believed the struggle b/w these two groups
  would lead to a revolution
• Believed the proletariat would violently
  overthrow the bourgeoisie, set up a dictatorship,
  and create a classless society
• Political parties based on the ideals of Marx
  began to grow throughout Europe

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Section 2 The Emergence of Mass Society

• New Urban Environment
• Many people moved from the countryside to cities
  to find work in factories
• Population of London
• 1800 960,000
• 1900 6,500,000
• Improvements in public health sanitation helped
  living conditions in cities
• Running water
• Sewage systems
• Dams reservoirs for water
• Gas electric heaters

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Section 2 The Emergence of Mass Society

• The Marriage Ideal
• Men were viewed as tough, source of income, the
  boss of the relationship
• Women were viewed as innocent, homemaker, needed
  to obey her husband
• Family sizes ( of children) began to decrease
  b/c of better economic situation and increased
  use of birth control

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Section 2 The Emergence of Mass Society

• The Family Ideal
• See the growth of more family celebrations ?
  Fourth of July and modern version of Christmas
• Most children were working by age 9-10
• Families began to be able to afford more comforts
  such as sewing machines cast-iron stoves

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Section 2 The Emergence of Mass Society

• Womens Rights
• Feminism began
• Women fought for legal rights, education rights,
  voting rights, etc.
• Many nations didnt grant these rights until
  after WWI

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Section 2 The Emergence of Mass Society

• Education
• Access to education began to filter down from the
  upper class
• Children b/w 6-12 were required to attend school
• Nations began to set up schools universities to
  help educate people
• More education increased literacy rates in
  industrialized nations
• Higher literacy rates helped the growth of
  newspapers

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Section 2 The Emergence of Mass Society

• Leisure
• All forms of leisure and entertainment began to
  grow (amusement parks, dance halls, sports)
• Changes in leisure during this time
• 1) Leisure came to be viewed as something fun
  done after work
• 2) Leisure became more passive (sit on a ferris
  wheel, watch a ballgame)
• 3) Leisure became something people paid for
  (amusement park, sporting event)

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Section 3 The National State Democracy

• Triple Alliance
• Formed b/w Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• Germany sought allies b/c it feared France
  (thought they were trying to create an
  anti-German alliance)
• Germany maintained a separate treaty w/ Russia
  tried to remain on good terms w/ Great Britain
• 1890 Otto von Bismarck was removed from power
  in Germany...Germany dropped treaty w/ Russia

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Section 3 The National State Democracy

• Triple Entente
• Formed b/w Russia, Great Britain, France
• Germany became flanked
• Led to uneasy situation in Europe for decades (up
  until WWI)

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Section 3 The National State Democracy

• Crises in the Balkans
• Austria-Hungary Russia both tried to gain
  influence over the Balkan countries
• Bosnia Herzegovina were annexed by
  Austria-Hungary
• Serbia was outraged...Serbia had wanted to join
  up w/ Bosnia Herzegovina to form a large
  Slavic-speaking kingdom
• Russia supported Serbia...Serbia prepared for war
  w/ Austria-Hungary
• Germany told Russia to back down or face war
• Russia (weak military at the time) backed down
  but vowed revenge

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Section 4 Toward the Modern Consciousness

• Art
• Monet impressionist painter Impression
  Sunrise
• Van Gogh postimpressionist painter The Starry
  Night
• Picasso cubist painter Three Musicians

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Section 4 Toward the Modern Consciousness

• Architecture
• Frank Lloyd Wright American architect Falling
  Water

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Section 4 Toward the Modern Consciousness

• Science
• Marie Curie discovered radiation
• Albert Einstein theory of relativity
• Sigmund Freud wrote The Interpretation of
  Dreams...developed psychoanalysis delving deep
  into someones memory

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Section 4 Toward the Modern Consciousness

• Extreme Nationalism
• Social Darwinism idea that natural selection
  could be applied to society...stronger
  cultures/races would prosper while weaker ones
  would decline
• Anti-Semitism anti-Jew...massacres of Jews
  were not uncommon across Europe
• Zionism movement for a Jewish homeland in
  Palestine...Palestine was the land of ancient
  Israel...Palestine was opposed to Jewish
  immigration