The EU's Role in the United Nations: More than the sum of its members?

1
The EU's Role in the United Nations More than
the sum of itsmembers?

• presentation by Roberto Storaci
• Counsellor at the EU Delegation to the UN

2
Outline what we are going to talk about

• EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
  after the Lisbon Treaty.
• The EU at the UN why is this forum of particular
  relevance?
• The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
  appraisal.

3
Outline what we are NOT going to talk about

• We are not going to take an academic approach.
• We are not addressing the EU Common Security and
  Defense Policy (CSDP).
• We are not considering the crisis management
  architecture.

4
Outline what we are going to talk about

• EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
  after the Lisbon Treaty.
• The EU at the UN why is this forum of particular
  relevance?
• The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
  appraisal.

5
EU CFSP after the Lisbon Treaty.

• Principles
• Actors and competences
• Tools and priorities

6
EU CFSP - Principles

• The Treaty on European Union
• Art. 2 The Union is founded on the values of
  respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy,
  equality, the rule of law and respect for human
  rights, including the rights of persons belonging
  to minorities. These values are common to the
  Member States in a society in which pluralism,
  non-discrimination, tolerance, justice,
  solidarity and equality between women and men
  prevail.

7
EU CFSP - Principles

• Art. 3.5 In its relations with the wider world,
  the Union shall uphold and promote its values and
  interests and contribute to the protection of its
  citizens. It shall contribute to peace, security,
  the sustainable development of the Earth,
  solidarity and mutual respect among peoples, free
  and fair trade, eradication of poverty and the
  protection of human rights, in particular the
  rights of the child, as well as to the strict
  observance and the development of international
  law, including respect for the principles of the
  UN Charter.

8
EU CFSP - Principles

• Art. 21.1 The Union's action on the
  international scene shall be guided by the
  principles which have inspired its own creation,
  development and enlargement, and which it seeks
  to advance in the wider world democracy, rule of
  law, the universality and indivisibility of human
  rights and fundamental freedoms, respect for
  human dignity, the principles of equality and
  solidarity, and respect for the principles of the
  UN Charter and international law.

9
EU CFSP - Principles

• Art. 21.2 The Union shall define and pursue
  common policies and actions, and shall work for a
  high degree of cooperation in all fields of
  international relations, in order to
• (a) safeguard its values, fundamental interests,
  security, independence and integrity
• (b) consolidate and support democracy, the rule
  of law, human rights and the principles of
  international law
• (c) preserve peace, prevent conflicts and
  strengthen international security, in accordance
  with the purposes and principles of the United
  Nations Charter, with the principles of the
  Helsinki Final Act and with the aims of the
  Charter of Paris, including those relating to
  external borders
• (d) foster the sustainable economic, social and
  environmental development of developing
  countries, with the primary aim of eradicating
  poverty
• (e) encourage the integration of all countries
  into the world economy, including through the
  progressive abolition of restrictions on
  international trade
• (f) help develop international measures to
  preserve and improve the quality of the
  environment and the sustainable management of
  global natural resources, in order to ensure
  sustainable development
• (g) assist populations, countries and regions
  confronting natural or man-made disasters and
• (h) promote an international system based on
  stronger multilateral cooperation and good
• global governance.

10
EU CFSP - Principles

• CFSP different from the rest.
• Art. 24.1 The common foreign and security policy
  is subject to specific rules and procedures. It
  shall be defined and implemented by the European
  Council and the Council acting unanimously,
  except where the Treaties provide otherwise
  The Court of Justice of the European Union shall
  not have jurisdiction with respect to these
  provisions.

11
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• Actors
• European Council
• The Council (Foreign Affairs Council)
• The High Representative/Vice President
• The Member States
• The Commission
• The Parliament

12
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• The European Council
• identifies the Union's strategic interests and
  objectives.
• Art. 15.6 The President of the European Council
  shall, at his level and in that capacity, ensure
  the external representation of the Union on
  issues concerning its common foreign and security
  policy.

13
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• The Council
• - frames the CFSP and takes decisions necessary
  for defining and implementing it (Council
  Conclusions)

14
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• The member states
• - implement the CFSP together with the HR/VP
• Art. 24.3 The Member States shall support the
  Union's external and security policy actively and
  unreservedly in a spirit of loyalty and mutual
  solidarity and shall comply with the Union's
  action in this area.
• The Member States shall work together to enhance
  and develop their mutual political solidarity.
  They shall refrain from any action which is
  contrary to the interests of the Union or likely
  to impair its effectiveness as a cohesive force
  in international relations.

15
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• The Commission
• With the exception of CFSP, shall ensure the
  Union's external representation (i.e. it is
  responsible for "external action", including
  trade, development aid, humanitarian assistance,
  enlargement, neighbourhood policy).

16
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• The Parliament
• - is consulted and may address questions or make
  recommendations to the Council or the HR. The HR
  "shall ensure that the views of the EP are duly
  taken into consideration".

17
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• The High Representative / Vice President
• Art. 27
• The High Representative of the Union for Foreign
  Affairs and Security Policy, who shall chair the
  Foreign Affairs Council, shall contribute through
  his proposals to the development of the common
  foreign and security policy and shall ensure
  implementation of the decisions adopted by the
  European Council and the Council.
• The High Representative shall represent the Union
  for matters relating to the common foreign and
  security policy. He shall conduct political
  dialogue with third parties on the Union's behalf
  and shall express the Union's position in
  international organisations and at international
  conferences.

18
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• The High Representative / Vice President
• High representative CFSP (Javier Solana)
• Vice President external action (Benita
  Ferrero-Waldner)
• Presidency (rotating Member States)

19
EU CFSP Actors and competences

• Key new developments after Lisbon
• Coherence between CFSP and External Action
• Presidency functions
• Foreign Affairs Council, Political and Security
  Committee, Working Groups, local coordination
• Speaking with one voice statements, demarches,
  international organizations
• Permanent Presidency agenda setting,
  consistency, coherence.

20
EU CFSP Tools and priorities

• Tools
• Art. 27.3 In fulfilling his mandate, the High
  Representative shall be assisted by a European
  External Action Service. This service shall work
  in cooperation with the diplomatic services of
  the Member States and shall comprise officials
  from relevant departments of the General
  Secretariat of the Council and of the Commission
  as well as staff seconded from national
  diplomatic services of the Member States.

21
EU CFSP Tools and priorities

• The EEAS
• Fully autonomous body of the EU (i.e. neither an
  institution, nor part of the Commission)
• Under the authority of the HR/VP
• Made up of a central administration and of EU
  Delegations to third countries and international
  organizations.

22
EU CFSP Tools and priorities

• The EEAS
• Supports the HR/VP in her three capacities CFSP
  and CSDP President of the FAC Vice President of
  the Commission
• Assists the President of the European Council,
  the President of the Commission and the
  Commission
• Shall support, and work in cooperation with, the
  diplomatic services of the Member States, as well
  as with the General Secretariat of the Council
  and the services of the Commission.

23
EU CFSP Tools and priorities

• Priorities
• The neighbourhood, where the EU has all of the
  policies and instruments at its disposal to
  effect lasting change
• The Comprehensive Approach which makes the EU
  uniquely able to tackle all aspects of a foreign
  policy issue
• Those international issues where only the EU's
  collective weight allow us to play a lead role in
  today's globalised world.

24
EU CFSP after the Lisbon Treaty what's new?

• A more ambitious agenda.
• A more coherent decision-making process.
• Better and more integrated tools.

25
Outline what we are going to talk about

• EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
  after the Lisbon Treaty.
• The EU at the UN why is this forum of particular
  relevance?
• The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
  appraisal.

26
The EU at the United Nations

• Why is it crucial?
• EU in action UNGA
• EU in action UNSC

27
The EU at the United Nations

• Why is it crucial?
• Shared values and goals
• Partnership
• Speaking with one voice.

28
The EU at the United Nations

• Shared values and goals
• Art. 21 The Union shall promote multilateral
  solutions to common problems, in particular in
  the framework of the United Nations.
• The UN and/or the UN Charters are mentioned in
  Articles 3.5, 21.1, 21.2, 34, 42.

29
The EU at the United Nations

• Shared values and goals
• CHAPTER VIII REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
• Article 52
• Nothing in the present Charter precludes the
  existence of regional arrangements or agencies
  for dealing with such matters relating to the
  maintenance of international peace and security
  as are appropriate for regional action provided
  that such arrangements or agencies and their
  activities are consistent with the Purposes and
  Principles of the United Nations.
• The Members of the United Nations entering into
  such arrangements or constituting such agencies
  shall make every effort to achieve pacific
  settlement of local disputes through such
  regional arrangements or by such regional
  agencies before referring them to the Security
  Council.
• The Security Council shall encourage the
  development of pacific settlement of local
  disputes through such regional arrangements or by
  such regional agencies either on the initiative
  of the states concerned or by reference from the
  Security Council.
• This Article in no way impairs the application of
  Articles 34 and 35.
• Article 53
• The Security Council shall, where appropriate,
  utilize such regional arrangements or agencies
  for enforcement action under its authority. But
  no enforcement action shall be taken under
  regional arrangements or by regional agencies
  without the authorization of the Security
  Council, with the exception of measures against
  any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of
  this Article, provided for pursuant to Article
  107 or in regional arrangements directed against
  renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any
  such state, until such time as the Organization
  may, on request of the Governments concerned, be
  charged with the responsibility for preventing
  further aggression by such a state.
• The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of
  this Article applies to any state which during
  the Second World War has been an enemy of any
  signatory of the present Charter.
• Article 54
• The Security Council shall at all times be kept
  fully informed of activities undertaken or in
  contemplation under regional arrangements or by
  regional agencies for the maintenance of
  international peace and security.

30
The EU at the United Nations

• Shared values and goals
• Art. 1 of the UN Charter
• The Purposes of the United Nations are
• To maintain international peace and security, and
  to that end to take effective collective
  measures for the prevention and removal of
  threats to the peace, and for the suppression of
  acts of aggression or other breaches of the
  peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and
  in conformity with the principles of justice and
  international law, adjustment or settlement of
  international disputes or situations which might
  lead to a breach of the peace
• To develop friendly relations among nations based
  on respect for the principle of equal rights and
  self-determination of peoples, and to take other
  appropriate measures to strengthen universal
  peace
• To achieve international co-operation in solving
  international problems of an economic, social,
  cultural, or humanitarian character, and in
  promoting and encouraging respect for human
  rights and for fundamental freedoms for all
  without distinction as to race, sex, language, or
  religion and
• To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of
  nations in the attainment of these common ends.

31
The EU at the United Nations

• European Union

• United Nations

• The Union shall define and pursue common policies
  and actions, and shall work for a high degree of
  cooperation in all fields of international
  relations, in order to
• (a) safeguard its values, fundamental interests,
  security, independence and integrity
• (b) consolidate and support democracy, the rule
  of law, human rights and the principles of
  international law
• (c) preserve peace, prevent conflicts and
  strengthen international security, in accordance
  with the purposes and principles of the United
  Nations Charter, with the principles of the
  Helsinki Final Act and with the aims of the
  Charter of Paris, including those relating to
  external borders
• (d) foster the sustainable economic, social and
  environmental development of developing
  countries, with the primary aim of eradicating
  poverty
• (e) encourage the integration of all countries
  into the world economy, including through the
  progressive abolition of restrictions on
  international trade
• (f) help develop international measures to
  preserve and improve the quality of the
  environment and the sustainable management of
  global natural resources, in order to ensure
  sustainable development
• (g) assist populations, countries and regions
  confronting natural or man-made disasters and
• (h) promote an international system based on
  stronger multilateral cooperation and good
• global governance.

• The Purposes of the United Nations are
• To maintain international peace and security, and
  to that end to take effective collective
  measures for the prevention and removal of
  threats to the peace, and for the suppression of
  acts of aggression or other breaches of the
  peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and
  in conformity with the principles of justice and
  international law, adjustment or settlement of
  international disputes or situations which might
  lead to a breach of the peace
• To develop friendly relations among nations based
  on respect for the principle of equal rights and
  self-determination of peoples, and to take other
  appropriate measures to strengthen universal
  peace
• To achieve international co-operation in solving
  international problems of an economic, social,
  cultural, or humanitarian character, and in
  promoting and encouraging respect for human
  rights and for fundamental freedoms for all
  without distinction as to race, sex, language, or
  religion and
• To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of
  nations in the attainment of these common ends.

32
EU CFSP Tools and priorities

• Priorities
• The neighbourhood, where the EU has all of the
  policies and instruments at its disposal to
  effect lasting change
• The Comprehensive Approach which makes the EU
  uniquely able to tackle all aspects of a foreign
  policy issue
• Those international issues where only the EU's
  collective weight allow us to play a lead role in
  today's globalised world.

33
The EU at the United Nations

• Partnership
• The EU and its Member States collectively are the
  single largest financial contributor to the UN
  system
• 35 of the UN regular budget
• 36.8 of the UN peacekeeping budgets
• about one-half of all the voluntary contributions
  to UN funds and programmes
• The European Commission alone contributed more
  than 1.5 billion in support of UN external
  assistance programmes and projects in 2013?.

34
The EU at the United Nations

• Partnership
• Political Affairs (regular consultations, PSC,
  cooperation on the ground, mediation)
• Peace and Security - Peacekeeping (Steering
  Committee, EU CSDP, financial resources)
• Peacebuilding (PBC, cooperation on the ground)
• Development
• Humanitarian affairs
• Human rights.

35
The EU at the United Nations

• Speaking with one voice
• Art. 27 The HR shall express the Union's
  position in international organisations and at
  international conferences.

36
The EU at the United Nations

• Speaking with one voice
• European integration means shared values, shared
  interests and shared goals
• Even individual priorities can be leveraged in a
  truly global approach
• Size matters 28 member states, half a billion
  people, 17 trillion USD GDP).

37
The EU at the United Nations

• Speaking with one voice
• 6 candidate countries (Albania, FYR of Macedonia,
  Iceland, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey)
• 1 potential candidate (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• 3 EFTA countries (Liechtenstein, Norway,
  Switzerland)
• 5 Eastern Partnership countries (Armenia,
  Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine)
• 3 European "micro-states" (Andorra, Monaco, San
  Marino)
• Block of potentially 46 countries (almost a
  fourth of the UN membership) possible
  like-minded (JUSCANZ for instance).

38
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNGA
• Art. 34.1 Member States shall coordinate their
  action in international organisations and at
  international conferences. They shall uphold the
  Union's positions in such forums. The High
  Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs
  and Security Policy shall organise this
  coordination.

39
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNGA
• Going back to the question, why is it crucial?
• Unity is on the line every day. No hiding at the
  UN votes, statements, outreach.

40
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNGA
• Some numbers
• In 2013, 1313 meetings took place at the EU
  Delegation. That is an average of 5 meetings a
  day.
• From September 1, 2013 to September 1, 2014, 218
  statements were made.
• In 2013, the EU was united on 92 of the
  resolutions adopted by the UNGA.

41
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNGA
• EU new enhanced status at the UNGA on 3 May
  2011, the UNGA adopted resolution 65/276 (180 Y,
  2 Abst)
• 1. The representatives of the European Union,
  in order to present positions of the European
  Union and its member States as agreed by them,
  shall be
• (a) Allowed to be inscribed on the list of
  speakers among representatives of major groups,
  in order to make interventions
• (b) Invited to participate in the general debate
  of the General Assembly, in accordance with the
  order of precedence as established in the
  practice for participating observers and the
  level of participation
• (c) Permitted to have its communications relating
  to the sessions and work of the General Assembly
  and to the sessions and work of all international
  meetings and conferences convened under the
  auspices of the Assembly and of United Nations
  conferences, circulated directly, and without
  intermediary, as documents of the Assembly,
  meeting or conference
• (d) Also permitted to present proposals and
  amendments orally as agreed by the States members
  of the European Union such proposals and
  amendments shall be put to a vote only at the
  request of a Member State
• (e) Allowed to exercise the right of reply
  regarding positions of the European Union as
  decided by the presiding officer such right of
  reply shall be restricted to one intervention per
  item.
• 2. The representatives of the European Union
  shall be ensured seating among the observers.

42
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNGA
• Resolution 65/276 interesting in confirming a
  pattern
• Resistance to the EU's new role
• The reality of EU's new role makes for a
  successful incremental and pragmatic approach.

43
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNGA
• Five priorities for this year's General Assembly
  of the United Nations.
• Promotion of peace and security
• Sustainable Development (follow-up and
  implementation of the Rio 20 outcome, SDGs and
  post-2015 development framework)
• Human Rights
• Strengthening the effectiveness of the UN
  (management, peacekeeping, field support,
  financial sustainability of the Organization)
• Strengthening of the international humanitarian
  system.

44
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNGA
• Growth pains from the statements war to the EU
  Delegation's coordinating role in the Fifth
  Committee.
• The EU at its best moratorium of the death
  penalty, rights of LGBT people, freedom of
  religion and belief.
• Managing divisions the Palestinian question,
  sexual health and reproductive rights.

45
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNSC
• Art. 34.2 In accordance with Article 24(3),
  Member States represented in international
  organisations or international conferences where
  not all the Member States participate shall keep
  the other Member States and the High
  Representative informed of any matter of common
  interest.
• Member States which are also members of the
  United Nations Security Council will concert and
  keep the other Member States and the High
  Representative fully informed. Member States
  which are members of the Security Council will,
  in the execution of their functions, defend the
  positions and the interests of the Union, without
  prejudice to their responsibilities under the
  provisions of the United Nations Charter.
• When the Union has defined a position on a
  subject which is on the United Nations Security
  Council agenda, those Member States which sit on
  the Security Council shall request that the High
  Representative be invited to present the Union's
  position.

46
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNSC
• A European seat? The reform of the Security
  Council and the European Union.
• Permanent Members a curse and/or a blessing?
• The reality of EU's new role makes for a
  successful incremental and pragmatic approach.

47
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNSC
• The pragmatic approach
• Art. 34 meetings.
• Informal briefings/meetings read-outs.
• EU UNSC members luncheons.
• Information-sharing cables and EEAS-prepared
  briefings.
• Lobbying and demarches.
• Towards a single point of contact.

48
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNSC
• The reality of the EU role in peace and security
• Regular briefings by the HRVP (four times since
  her appointment).
• In 2013, the EU delivered 27 statements in the
  UNSC under Rule 39 of the UNSC provisional rules
  of procedure ("The Security Council may invite
  members of the Secretariat or other persons, whom
  it considers competent for the purpose, to supply
  it with information or to give other assistance
  in examining matters within its competence") .

49
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNSC
• The reality of the EU role in peace and security
  PRST 2014/4 adopted by the UNSC on 14 February
  2014 (under the Presidency of Lithuania),
  underlining the EU's role in
• Iran nuclear file (EU/E33)
• Western Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo)
• International peacekeeping, peacebuilding,
  humanitarian assistance
• Combating piracy off the coast of Somalia
  (ATALANTA, EUCAP-Nestor)
• Somalia (EUTM-Somalia and financial support to
  AMISOM)
• Central African Republic (EUFOR-CAR)
• Mali (EUTM-Mali) and Sahel (EU Strategy for
  Security and Development in the Sahel and EUCAP
  SAHEL Niger Mission)
• Syria (humanitarian assistance, support to Joint
  UN-OPCW Mission, role in the Action Group)
• Middle East Peace Process (Quartet)
• Afghanistan (EUPOL Afghanistan and European
  Gendarmerie Force)
• Promoting development cooperation, promotion and
  protection of human rights and fundamental
  freedoms
• Protection of civilians, children and armed
  conflict, and women peace and security
• Justice, rule of law, and accountability

50
The EU at the United Nations

• EU in action UNSC
• The reality of the EU role in peace and security.
  The EU is mentioned also in UNSC Resolutions
  dealing with
• The Ebola crisis
• Libya
• Guinea Bissau
• Haiti
• And the EU is an active player in other crises
  and items on the Council's agenda, such as
• Ukraine
• Yemen
• Iraq
• Sudan
• South Sudan
• DRC
• Cote d'Ivoire
• Counter-terrorism

51
The EU at the United Nations

• Going back to the original question is the EU at
  the UN more than the sum of its members?
• The answer has to be a resounding YES.

52
The EU at the United Nations

• The EU is a (the) major player in the UNGA.
• The EU Delegation, as a Permanent Presidency, has
  ensured consistency, long-term planning, and a
  continued process of lessons learning.
• Also, the EU Delegation has become a single point
  of contact for all UNGA-related business, "the
  face of the EU at the UN".
• The EU voice is clearly heard and perceived in
  the membership.
• No single member state (not even the USA) could
  yield such influence.
• Cooperation with the EU-28 leverages EU assets.
• While resistance to the enhanced EU role
  continues, its undeniable reality is increasingly
  affirming it every day.

53
The EU at the United Nations

• The UNSC is a completely different forum,
  dominated by the P-5 and driven by the P-3.
• The unique nature of the UNSC and the presence of
  two EU permanent members make for a different EU
  role.
• At the same time, the EU is a consistent voice in
  the UNSC and a necessary partner for the UNSC to
  implement its decisions.
• No silver bullet, but an inevitable growing
  influence.

54
The EU at the United Nations

• In one sentence
• Less than 5 years after the Lisbon Treaty (1
  December 2009), less than 4 years after the
  launch of the EEAS (1 December 2010), and 3 years
  and a half after the EU achieved enhanced status
  at the UNGA (3 May 2011), it is already
  absolutely impossible to imagine the UN without
  the single coordinated EU voice projected by the
  EU Delegation.

55
Outline what we are going to talk about

• EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
  after the Lisbon Treaty.
• The EU at the UN why is this forum of particular
  relevance?
• The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
  appraisal.

56
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• Kissinger "Who do I call if I want to call
  Europe?"
• Criticizing the lack of an effective common EU
  foreign policy is a popular exercise. Is it also
  (still) an accurate one?

57
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• Critics often manage to both overestimate and
  underestimate the EU CFSP.
• Overestimate the EU is not a state and and does
  not act as one the EU is not a superpower the
  EU is not a monolith.
• Underestimate the EU is not a simple
  international organization or alliance and does
  not act as one the EU remains a normative power
  and a necessary player division is more
  eye-grabbing, but unity is the norm.

58
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• Two success stories
• Western Balkans
• Slovenia and Croatia are EU members
• Brussels Agreement (19 April 2013) between Serbia
  and Kosovo
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Albania, FYR of Macedonia and Montenegro are
  candidate countries
• Iran
• HR/VP Ashton leading role in the negotiations

59
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• One work in progress
• Building the EEAS.
• EEAS Review 2013 (relations with the EC
  deputising for the HR/VP)
• Diplomatic network, the "legacy" effect
• Creating a distinct European diplomatic culture
• Building a global actor in times of financial
  crisis

60
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• Two mixed bags
• Ukraine
• The challenge of facing Russia
• Middle East Peace Process
• Payer not player
• The EU and the viability of the two-state
  solution
• The unglamorous everyday job of bridging gaps and
  forging unity

61
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• Two not so-successful stories
• Arab Spring and Syria
• The limits of the EU reach
• The importance of coordination
• Strategic partnerships
• It takes 2 (or 30) to tango

62
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• And the too easily ignored technical files
• Development
• Promotion and protection of human rights
• Humanitarian assistance
• Trade policy
• CSDP missions

63
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• Going back to Kissinger, is there somebody on the
  other side of the line?
• Yes, there is. The High Representative is an
  established global player supported by an
  increasingly strong diplomatic service.
• But the road to build a strong CFSP is still long

64
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• The importance of the pragmatic approach
• The CFSP needs to provide added value, balancing
  ambition and realism
• European diplomacy is a system, made of the EEAS
  and the member states' diplomatic services.

65
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• The case for added value, and ambitious realism.
• The Western Balkans and the perspective of
  European integration.
• Iran, or when asked, be ready.
• Egypt, the importance of trying.
• The Middle East Peace Process, the risk of
  finding oneself alone.
• The strategic partnerships and the need for
  unity.

66
The EEAS and the post-Lisbon CFSP a first
appraisal.

• The European diplomacy is a system, made of the
  EEAS and the member states' diplomatic services.
• Increase the buy-in of member states and the
  value of the EEAS "production".
• Find a synthesis between "Big" and "Smalls",
  "Eastern" and "Western", "Northern" and
  "Southern".

67
Conclusion

• In a globalised, "neo-Westphalian", and
  increasingly multipolar world, the EU and the 28
  member states need, and will increasingly need,
  an effective and ambitious common foreign and
  security policy to preserve their role in the
  world and to maintain the European Union as a
  "force for the good" in the world.

68
Conclusion

• The CFSP architecture will continue to evolve to
  better respond to these evolving (and increasing)
  needs.
• As all efforts in European integration, it will
  be a trial and error exercise, which will face
  challenges, opposition and resistance, inside and
  outside Europe.

69
Conclusion

• As in the past, also this European enterprise
  will succeed insomuch as it will be able to prove
  that it can deliver goods at the European level
  that cannot be delivered at lower levels.

70
Conclusion

• Above all, the development of the CFSP as the
  progress of the European integration overall
  will depend on the sustained ambition by
  Europeans to continue building a stronger,
  better, more integrated Continent.