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Digital Preservation

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Title: Digital Preservation


1
Digital Preservation
2
The Past is Prologue
  • Developing Preservation Approaches

3
Diagram by Nancy Y. McGovern based on PhD
Research, March 2001
4
5 Stages of Digital Preservation
  • Digitization leads to understanding that digital
    content needs to be managed and protected
  • Digital Preservation Projects are initiated
  • Digital Preservation Projects segue into Programs
  • Digital Preservation Programs become
    comprehensive and coordinated
  • Institutional Programs embrace Inter-institutional
    Collaboration

5
Digital Preservation Officer
  • First DPO appointed January 2002
  • http//www.library.cornell.edu/iris/dpo/
  • coordinates digital preservation policy
    development and implementation
  • serves as the liaison to digital preservation
    initiatives and projects
  • developing a conceptual framework for a cohesive
    digital preservation program

6
Models and Standards
  • Attributes of a Trusted Digital
    Repository (RLG-OCLC)
  • http//www.rlg.org/longterm/attributes01.pdf
  • OAIS Reference Model (CCSDS)
  • http//www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-650.0-R-2
    .pdf

7
Models and Standards
  • SIP Transfer Issues
  • Producer-Archive Interface Methodology Abstract
    Standard (CCSDS)
  • http//ssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/CCSDS-651.0-
    W-1.pdf
  • AIP Components (OCLC/RLG PMWG)
  • Content Information
  • Preservation Description Information
  • http//www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/
  • Format Issues
  • Draft Standard - Data Dictionary - Technical
    Metadata for Digital Still Images (NISO)
  • http//www.niso.org/committees/committee_au.html

8
Attributes of a Trusted Repository
9
1. Administrative responsibility
  • Provide evidence of fundamental commitment to
    standards, best practices
  • Commit to OAIS model
  • Meet standards on environment (6)
  • Share measurements with depositors (6)
  • Involve external community experts in
    validating/certifying practices (6)
  • Commit to transparency and accountability (6)

10
2. Organizational viability
  • Demonstrate viability and trustworthiness (3)
  • Reflect commitment to long-term
    retention/management in mission statements
  • Have appropriate legal status, staff and
    professional development (1)(3)
  • Establish transparent business practices,
    effective management policies (6)(3)
  • Define inclusive agreements with depositors (6)
  • Review/maintain policies and procedures (6)
  • Undertake risk management, contingency and
    succession (trusted inheritors) planning (6)(3)

11
3. Financial sustainability
  • Establish/maintain good business practices and an
    auditable business plan (1)(2)
  • Demonstrate financial fitness and ongoing
    financial commitment (1)(2)
  • Balance risk, benefit, investment, expenditure
  • Maintain adequate budget and reserves and
    actively seek potential funding sources

12
4. Technological suitability
  • Consider/adopt appropriate preservation
    strategies (6)
  • Ensure appropriate infrastructure for
    acquisition, storage, access (5)
  • Establish technology management policy for
    repository (2)(3)
  • Comply with relevant standards and best
    practices, adequate expertise (6)
  • Undergo regular external audits on system
    components and performance (6)

13
5. System security
  • Assure security of systems for digital assets (3)
  • Establish policies and procedures to meet
    requirements (4)(6)
  • Stress processes that will detect, avoid and
    repair loss, document and notify of changes and
    resulting actions (4)(6)

14
6. Procedural accountability
  • Enact policies and procedures for tasks and
    functions, document practices (1)(2)
  • Establish monitoring mechanisms to ensure
    continued operation of systems and procedures
    (4)(5)
  • Record/justify preservation strategies (1)(2)
  • Set up feedback mechanisms for problem
    resolution negotiate evolving requirements
    between providers and consumers (1)(2)

15
Framework Components
  • Administrative Responsibility
  • Organizational Viability
  • Financial Sustainability
  • Technological Suitability
  • System Security
  • Procedural Accountability

16
Diagram by Nancy Y. McGovern based upon the
RLG-OCLC Attributes of a Trusted Repository
17
Open Archival Information System (OAIS)
18
Framework to Model
19
Overview of the OAIS Model
from Reference Model for an Open Archival
Information System 4
20
OAIS Categories
  • Data Object
  • Representation Information
  • (Structure, Semantic, and Other Information)
  • Content Information 1
  • (Data Object Representation Information)
  • Preservation Description Information 2
  • (Reference, Context, Provenance and Fixity
    Information)
  • Descriptive Information
  • (Content Information PDI)
  • Packaging Information
  • physically and logically binds

21
OAIS at Cornell
22
Preserving Essential Elements
  • Content
  • Context
  • Structure
  • Appearance
  • Behavior

23
Emulation
  • Jeff Rothenberg
  • Dutch National Library
  • IBM
  • CAMiLEON Project
  • David Bearman

24
Migration
  • Risk Management of Digital Information A File
    Format Investigation
  • Charles Dollar
  • Margaret Hedstrom
  • CAMiLEON Project
  • Dutch Testbed Project

25
XML and Object-Based
  • NARA and SDSC
  • Dutch Testbed Project
  • Victoria Electronic Records Project (VERS)
  • Harvard SIP proposal

26
Project Prism
  • CUL Research Team
  • Anne R. Kenney
  • Nancy Y. McGovern
  • Peter Botticelli
  • Richard Entlich

27
Risk Management Stages
Typical Stages Prism Stages
1. Risk identification Data gathering Characterization
2. Risk classification Data gathering Characterization
3. Risk assessment 2. Simple risk declaration 3. Contextualized declaration/detection
4. Risk analysis 2. Simple risk declaration 3. Contextualized declaration/detection
5. Program implementation 4. Automated enforcement
28
Levels of Context
  • Web page
  • as a stand-alone object, ignoring its hyperlinks
  • in local context, considering the links into it
    and out from it
  • Web site
  • as a semantically coherent set of linked Web
    pages
  • as an entity in a broader technical and
    organizational context

29
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30
Page-level Monitoring
  • Formatting TIDY
  • Standards compliance
  • Document structure
  • Metadata
  • HTTP headers
  • HTML headers
  • Changes
  • Content
  • Location
  • Links
  • Out-link structure
  • In-link structure
  • Intra-site
  • Hub
  • Volatility
  • Page provenance
  • URL parsing
  • Log analysis

31
Site-level Monitoring
  • Graph analysis
  • Static site analysis and Longitudinal study
  • Aggregate page analyses
  • Site maintenance indicators
  • Backup and archiving policies and procedures
  • Hardware and software environment
  • Network configuration and maintenance

32
Research Plan
  • Preservation Risk Management for Web Resources
    Virtual Remote Control in Cornells Project Prism
  • By Anne R. Kenney, Nancy Y. McGovern, Peter
    Botticelli, Richard Entlich, Carl Lagoze, and
    Sandra Payette
  • DLib Magazine, January 2002
  • http//www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/kenney/01kenney
    .html

33
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34
Publisher-Based Digital Archives
35
Subject-Based Digital Archives
36
Intersection of Digital Archives
Format-based
37
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38
Relevant Initiatives
  • Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard
    (METS)
  • http//www.loc.gov/standards/mets/
  • highlighted Web site in RLG DigiNews February
    2002
  • Flexible and Extensible Digital Object and
    Repository Architecture (FEDORA)
  • Mellon Fedora Project
  • http//fedora.comm.nsdlib.org
  • Slides from January 2002 briefing
    http//www.cs.cornell.edu/payette/presentations

39
Relevant External Projects
  • NEDLIB
  • http//www.kb.nl/coop/nedlib/
  • CAMiLEON (CEDARS)
  • http//www.si.umich.edu/CAMILEON/index.htm
  • http//www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/
  • PANDORA
  • http//pandora.nla.gov.au/index.html
  • Harvard University LDI
  • http//hul.harvard.edu/ldi/
  • NARA SDSC
  • http//www.nara.gov/era/
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