The Missouri Compromise provided that

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• The Missouri Compromise provided that
• Missouri be admitted as a slave state, Maine
• be admitted as a free state, and
• all of the Louisiana Territory north of the
  northern boundary of Missouri be closed to
  slavery.
• all of the Louisiana Territory north of 3630 be
  closed to slavery.
• the entire Louisiana Territory be open to
  slavery.
• the lands south of 3630 be guaranteed to
  slavery and the lands north of it negotiable.
• all of the Louisiana Territory north of the
  southern boundary of Missouri be closed to
  slavery for 30 years.

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A Slave Boy Learns a Lesson James Hammond Proclaims Cotton King
What Do You Know What Can You Infer What Do You Know What Can You Infer
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Slavery Document Activity

• Examine your assigned documents
• What do you know? (facts derived from the
  document)
• What can you infer? (conclusions, connections,
  significance)
• Please write the information on your own paper.

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The Slavery Argument
Arguments in Favor Arguments in Opposition

Who tends to support Who tends to oppose

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Antebellum South

• Was slavery more of a burden or a benefit to
  Antebellum America?

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Characteristics of the Antebellum South

1. Primarily agrarian.
2. Economic power shifted from the upper South to
   the lower South.
3. Cotton Is King! 1860--gt 5 mil. bales a
   yr. (57 of total US exports).
4. Very slow development of industrialization.
5. Rudimentary financial system.
6. Inadequate transportation system.

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Southern Society (1850)
Slavocracyplantation owners
6,000,000
The Plain Folkwhite yeoman farmers
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves3,200,000
Total US Population --gt 23,000,0009,250,000 in
the South 40
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Southern Population (1860)
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Slave-Owning Families (1850)
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Cotton

• Invention of cotton gin made cotton the staple
  Southern crop.
• Northern merchants and textile mills, as well as
  Europe, depended on Southern cotton production
  King Cotton.
• By 1840, 50 of U.S. export profits were from
  cotton.
• Demand for cotton demand for slaves.

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Southern Economy

• Agricultural focus produced unstable economy
• Exhausted land
• Fluctuating prices
• Discouraged industry and immigration
• false prosperity
• Plantation system
• Economy and government run by small group
• Social Stratification
• Planter elite
• Small farmers
• Poor whites

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Southern Agriculture
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Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
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Value of Cotton Exports As of All US Exports
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Slavery in the South

• Unequal distribution
• most slaves owned by planter elite
• poor whites still defended b/c dreamed of being
  slave owners and racial superiority
• Sustaining Slavery
• importation outlawed in 1808
• were investment, so wanted to keep slaves alive
  and encourage procreation
• majority of the population in the deep south
  development of slave culture
• Treatment of Slaves
• sources of labor and sexual satisfaction
• long hours and harsh conditions
• beatings
• separation of families

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Slave-Owning Population (1850)
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Fight for Equality

• By slaves
• work slowly
• steal
• sabotage equipment
• poison owners
• rebel or run away
• By abolitionists
• American Colonization Society (1817)
• Liberia (1822)
• American Anti-Slavery Society (1833)
• William Lloyd Garrison
• The Liberator
• Sojourner Truth Frederick Douglas
• Racial inequality common in the north

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Slaves Daily Life and Labor

• 90 of slaves lived on plantations or farms
• Most slaves on cotton plantations worked sunup to
  sundown, 6 days/week
• About 75 of slaves were field workers, about 5
  worked in industry
• Urban slaves had more autonomy than rural slaves

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Slave Families, Kinship, and Community

• Normal family life difficult for slaves
• fathers cannot always protect children
• families vulnerable to breakup by masters
• Most reared in strong, two-parent families
• Extended families provide nurture, support amid
  horror of slavery
• Slave culture a family culture that provided a
  sense of community

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Slave Resistance

1. SAMBO pattern of behavior used as a charade in
   front of whites the innocent, laughing black man
   caricature bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile,
   etc..

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Slave Resistance

1. Refusal to work hard.
2. Isolated acts of sabotage.
3. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

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The Culture of Slavery

1. Black Christianity Baptists or Methodists
   more emotional worship services. negro
   spirituals.
2. Pidgin or Gullah languages.
3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where
   possible.
4. Importance of music in their lives. esp.
   spirituals.

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Slave Concentration, 1860
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Pro-Slavery Response

• Tightened slave codes
• Paternalistic argument
• Religious argument
• Comparisons to Northern factories
• Economic necessity for the entire nation

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To End Synthesis Exercise

• Using information gathered from at least three of
  the sources we examined today, answer the
  following
• Was slavery more of a burden or a benefit to
  Antebellum America?
• DONT QUOTE the documents use inferences
  drawn from the documents
• response should be a minimum of a 5-sentence
  paragraph