Sedimentary Rock 12/2/14

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Sedimentary Rock 12/2/14

• 4-3 pgs. 87-90
• IN What are the two compositional
  classifications for igneous rocks? How can you
  determine their texture? Which rocks fit in each
  category?

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sedimentary rock
compaction, cementation
sediment
high temperature great pressure
weathering and erosion
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
cooling, crystallization
melting
magma
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How does sedimentary rock form?

1. Weathering and erosion of rock into sediment
   (sand).
2. Compaction and cementation back into rock.

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Weathering and Erosion

• Wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause
  rock to weather into fragments (weathering).
• These small fragments are called sediment.

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Sediments

• Sediments are transported from one place to
  another (erosion)
• Water
• Wind
• Gravity

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Compaction

• The layers eventually become compacted.

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Cementation

• Dissolved minerals separate out of the water to
  form a natural glue that binds the sediments
  together.

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Strata

• The layers of sedimentary rock that form from the
  deposition of sediment.
• These strata form oldest on bottom, youngest on
  top.

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Sedimentary rock

• Form at or near the Earths surface.
• Their physical features tell part of Earths
  history.
• They are the only
• rocks that contain
• fossils.

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Composition

1. Clastic
2. Chemical
3. Organic

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Clastic sedimentary rock

• Forms when rock or minerals fragments, called
  clasts, stick together.
• Sandstone
• Conglomerate
• Shale
• Names of clastic sedimentary rock are based on
  grain size.

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Chemical sedimentary rock

• Forms when minerals crystallize out of a
  solution, such as sea water, to become rock.
• limestone

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Organic sedimentary rock

• Forms from the remains of organisms.
• fossiliferous limestone

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Sedimentary rock structures

• Stratification is the layering of rock.
• Strata differ from one another depending on the
  kind, size, and color of their sediment.

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Strata

• Sometimes records the motion of wind and water
  waves.

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Conglomerate

• Sedimentary rock that resembles concrete.
• Clastic
• Coarse-grained

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Sandstone

• Sedimentary rock formed from sand.
• Clastic
• Coarse-grained

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Shale

• Sedimentary rock also known as mudstone.
• Clastic
• Fine-grained

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Fossiliferous Limestone

• Sedimentary rock made from shells and coral.
• Organic

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• OUT What are some features of sedimentary rocks?