8th Grade Power Vocabulary

1
8th Grade Power Vocabulary

• List will be updated with words as they are
  covered in class
• Students are expected to keep an updated list of
  the words in a sheet protector in the history
  section of their team binder.
• Quizzes will be given roughly every two weeks on
  these words!!!

2
Jim Crow Laws

• A law that enforced Segregation in the Southern
  States

3
13th Amendment

• Amendment ratified on January 31st, 1865
• Officially banned slavery in the United States

4
14th Amendment

• Equal rights amendment said that ALL people born
  or naturalized within the United States (except
  for NATIVE AMERICANS) were citizens
• Also guaranteed the citizens equal protection of
  the laws.
• ratified July, 9th 1868

5
15th Amendment
Women

• Gave African-American MEN the right to
• vote, went into effect in 1870

6
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 Supreme Court case that determined that
separate but equal facilities are allowed.
Basically made segregation LEGAL

• Facts about the case
• 7 of the 9 Supreme Court Justices voted in favor
  of this ruling
• The case was overturned with Brown v. Board of
  Education in 1954
• The case originally was about Homer Plessy, a man
  who was kicked off on an all-white train car
  despite having a ticket

7
Promontory Point, Utah

• The location where the Central and Union railroad
  companies connected to for the Transcontinental
  Railroad

8
Little Big Horn

• AKA Custers Last Stand
• Sioux Indians led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull
  defeated General Custer and his entire command.
  Custers horse Comanche, was the only survivor.

9
Horizontal/ Vertical Integration
Horizontal integration is when you buy the other
COMPANIES you compete with
Vertical integration is when you buy companies
that produce the GOODS for the final product
10
Monopoly
When a company has no competition and the result
is domination of a market (Robber Baron trusts in
the 1800s achieved this)
11
Philanthropy

• Charitable acts or gifts of money to benefit a
  community. An example being libraries or
  community centers for kids.

12
Cool Ellis Island Facts -was originally called
oyster Island -Island doubled in size due to
land fill from the subway tunnels being built
in Manhattan -During World War I, Ellis Island
was a hospital
Ellis Island
From Ellis Island, you would be able to see the
Statue of Liberty. This is the inscription on the
statue Give me your tired, your poor, Your
huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The
wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send
these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift
my lamp beside the golden door.
Center that processed close to 11 million
immigrants from Europe between the years of 1892
and 1954
13
Muckraker
Journalists who raked up, or exposed,
corruption in society during the late 1800s and
the early 1900s

• Two important muckrakers were
• Upton Sinclair, whose book The Jungle exposed
  the unsanitary aspects of the meatpacking
  industry in Chicago
• Jacob Riis, who showed how the working class
  lived and worked in New York City through his
  book How the Other Half Lives.

14
Suffragist
People who fought for the right to vote, for
women during the late 1800s and early 1900s
15

• Prohibition Facts
• Reformers reached their goal with the passing of
  the 18th amendment in 1920, which banned the
  sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol
• Women were the leaders pushing for Prohibition,
  WHY WOULD THAT BE????

Prohibition
The legal ban of the manufacture, sale,
transportation, and consumption of alcohol.
Progressive reformers of the late 18th century
pushed for prohibition
16
Progressivism
One of the most famous progressive reformers was
the Danish Photographer Jacob Riis, whose
pictures of immigrant life in New York City
helped to bring about change
Movement to improve social and political problems
in the late 1800s. Progressive means to change
or improve
17
Isolationism
Mind your own business

• A national policy of non-involvement in world
  affairs.
• We will mind our own business!!

Dont get involved in Europes fights
How America acted towards Europe before entering
WWI after
18
Propaganda

• Ideas or information designed
• and spread to influence opinion.

Make my side look good . . And your side look
bad!!!
19
TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• Treaty that ended World War I, punishing
  Germany and made them pay reparations.

GERMANY MUST PAY!! Have No Army! Take Total
Responsibility!
Cant we all be Friends -President Wilson
Versailles was the grand palace of the old
French Kings where the treaty was created without
German input
20
Imperialism

• Stronger nations bullying or
• picking on smaller nations

21
Women who cut their hair short wore makeup
short dresses challenging ideas of how women were
supposed to behave during the 1920s
Flapper
One CRAZY thing flappers did was DRIVE
AUTOMOBILES WOW!!!
22
Movement of African-Americans out of the South
and to Factories in Northern cities that occurred
during World War I and the 1920s
Great Migration
African-Americans still faced racism up north
23
Jazz Age
Louis Armstrong
Bessie Smith
Name for the 1920s that describes the popularity
of Jazz music
24
Scopes Monkey Trial
Trial of a Tennessee high school science teacher
(John Scopes) who was accused of teaching
evolution
Cartoon of the Prosecutor, William Jennings Bryan
Scopes was found GUILTY and fined 100!!!!
Eventually the State Supreme Court overturned the
decision but the debate was on!!!
25
The Great Depression
Time period from roughly 1929 to 1942 when the
United States went through a huge economic
downturn, or depression.
26
Eleanor Roosevelt

• an American political leader who used her
  influence as an active First Lady from 1933 to
  1945 to promote the New Deal policies of her
  husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

27
Name given to Franklin Roosevelts plans to fix
the Great Depression, Consisted of three goals
relief, recovery, and reform.
The New Deal
28
Black Tuesday
October 29th, 1929 The day the stock market
crashed, which many state officially started the
Great Depression.
Prior to the stock market crashing, there were
already warnings signs of this to come, including
banks closing and both farmers and factories
overproducing.
29
Dust Bowl
Causes of the Dust Bowl included overproduction,
ripping up the native grasses, and new
technology.
Severe drought that hit the Great Plains during
the 1930s.
30
United Nations

• International group
• created to help settle
• conflicts between
• nations after World
• War II.

The United Nations replaced the League of
Nations a similar group the United States never
joined.
31
Capitalism
Economic system where people can own their own
business
32
Rosie the Riveter

• American propaganda Character that showed that
  women were strong enough to work in factories at
  home to help the war effort.

33
Pearl Harbor
Location of the Japanese attack that brought the
U.S. into WWII on December 7, 1941
34
Japanese Internment Camps

• Remote camps where Japanese-Americans were forced
  to go leaving businesses, homes and property.
  Racist thoughts believed Japanese-Am. would help
  the Japanese during the war.

35
The famous WWII invasion of NAZI-held France.
Also known as the Battle of Normandy, June 6,
1944.
D-Day
36
Manhattan Project

• Secret project during WWII to build a NUCLEAR
  BOMB. Working in secret cities, scientist
  created 3 bombs by the end of WWII. Two were
  dropped on Japan.

SECRET!!!
Lead scientist Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
37
System of government where the government
controls everything from the economy to
totalitarian political control. Cannot own a
business
Communism
38
Fascism
System of government with a totalitarian
political control using twisted history and
racism with capitalistic economy.
39
HOLOCAUST-

• The mass killings of European Jews and others by
  the Nazis during World War II.

Jewish prisoners were identified by numbers which
the NAZIS tattooed on their arms.
40
ANTI-SEMITISM

• Hostility toward or prejudice against Jews or
  Judaism. Used by Hitler in Germany to blame the
  Jewish people for Germanys problem.

41
Holocaust locations that were designed to kill
people through work and held Jews, Gypsies and
political opponents of NAZI Germany.
Concentration Camp
42
NAZI
Militarism Nationalism

• National Socialist German Workers Party
• Fascist political party led by Adolf Hitler that
  took over Germany in the 1930s.

43
BIG 3 Yalta Conference
Stalin More Land For Communism!!
Churchill I want to save British Power Colonies
Roosevelt Cant we all just get along

• The Big Three
• Roosevelt -US, Churchill-Britain,
• Stalin-Soviet Union
• Yalta was a meeting of the Big 3 to decide how to
  govern Europe after Germany Japan were defeated

44
Space Race
The competition between the United States and the
Soviet Union to explore space.
45
McCarthyism
Joseph McCarthys method of accusing people of
being Communists without any proof.
46
Arms Race
A contest where the United States and the
Soviet Union rushed to build more nuclear weapons
than the other.
47
Berlin Wall
A barrier of concrete and barbed wire that passed
through Berlin, separating West Berlin from
Communist East Berlin.
48
Cold War
Global competition from 1949-1989 between the
Super Powers of the United States (Democratic
Capitalism) the Soviet Union (Totalitarian
Communism). Space Race/ NATO Warsaw Pact / Arms
Race / Olympics
49
Martin Luther King
Inspired by Gandhi, this man led the non-violent,
peaceful Civil Rights Movement (by using civil
disobedience) until he was assassinated.
50
Black Power
1960s and 70s African American movement that
focused on self-pride and self reliance.
Symbolized by the Black Panthers and Nation of
Islam.
51
Civil Disobedience
Intentionally breaking laws seen as unjust and
accepting the punishment as a non-violent sign of
protest. Used by leaders of the peaceful Civil
Rights Movement.
52
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Law passed to guarantee equal rights for ALL
Americans against segregation in response to
brutality seen against peaceful protesters.
53
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 Supreme Court case that overturned Separate
but Equal Segregation laws, specifically laws
segregating schools. -Fought by the NAACP, with
Thurgood Marshall the main lawyer later becoming
the 1st Af-Am. Sup. Court Justice