Italy

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Italy

• Rome
• Papal program
• Counter Reformation
• Ornate didactic
• Renaissance emotional intensity
• Chiaroscuro, multimedia
• tenebroso
• Caravaggio, Bernini, Borromini
• St Peters

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Caravaggio Captures an instant
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Spain

• Committed to Catholic orthodoxy
• Encourage devotion
• Saints martyrs
• Sp painters come into own
• Solemn, intense
• Impasto
• Velazquez
• Las Mininas

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Flanders

• Southern Netherlands
• Church, state commissions
• Retained Catholic ties
• Heroic, royal
• Rubens, van Dyck

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Rubens Queen of France Landing,
Marseilles 1623 Oil panel 25x20
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portraiture
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Dutch Republic - Holland

• Independence from Spain
• New subjects styles
• Amsterdam financial center
• Prosperity
• Protestant
• Merchant patrons
• Genre scenes, portraits,
• Still life, landscapes
• Painting dominates
• Rembrandt, Hals, Vermeer

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Characteristics Dutch Painting-continued
understanding of human nature-wealthy
patrons-more excepting and tolerant to female
artists -other Baroque elements gttenebrism,
shallow space, motion, emotion,
etc.-naturalism-less intrigued with
mathematics(than H. Ren)-interested in light and
motion with a loose style that involved a
collection of brush strokes gtshowing
movement-more iconography, much more popular in
the North than in the South-genre
paintings-more secular than the South
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1629
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1669
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Vermeer The Letter 1666 Oil canvas 17x15
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France

• Monarchy, Louis XIV
• Paris art center
• Most powerful country
• Appeal of Roman classicism
• Trade, wealth patronage
• Shimmering glowing color
• Moral message
• Balanced, classicism
• Poussin, Lorrain
• Versailles

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24.1 French Baroque Art

• In France, monarchical authority and power was
  consolidated, and embodied, in King Louis XIV.
• The foundation of the Royal Academy of Painting
  and Sculpture in 1648 established French
  classicism as the official style.
• The practice of art and architecture were
  regularized and organized and placed in the
  service of the state.
• King Louis XIV and his principal adviser,
  Jean-Baptiste Colbert, used the power of art for
  propaganda

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• Georges de La Tour, Adoration of the Shepherds,
  1645-1650. o/c
• Influence of Caravaggio's style on Georges de La
  Tour use of light and unidealized figures. Like
  the Dutch Caravaggesque painters, the group of
  humbly dressed figures gathered reverentially
  around the sleeping baby Jesus is illuminated by
  a single light source (a candle) included in the
  painting.

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England

• Limited monarchy
• Religious diversity
• Does not have focus
• Of other Baroque trends
• ARCHITECTURE
• St Pauls Cathedral
• Sir Christoper Wren

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Women artists Renaissance to Baroque Renaissance
1st period, international fame Humanism
Individual opportunities education, growth,
achievement Cultural shift craftsmen ?
artists perspective, anatomy, mathematics
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• Some transcended gender role expectations
• Fathers workshops - aristocratic connections
• Apprenticeship
• Women depicted as humans, not just muses
• Portraits, still lifes, religious
• Dutch Flemish successful
• changing art market opportunities
• Shift to Academy system
• Membership limited

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• Women artist of the Baroque changed the way women
  were depicted in art. Female artists during the
  Baroque era were not permitted to train form nude
  models because all nude models were male, but
  they were very familiar with the female body.
  Therefore, they created images of women as
  conscious beings rather than detached muses.

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Sofonisba Anguissola 1527-1625 Italian Spanish
Court Portraits
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The Artists Sisters Playing Chess
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Artemisia Gentileschi Italian 1593-1651
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Penitent Magdalene
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Esther before Ahasuerus, ca. 162835Oil on
canvas 82 x 107
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Judith Leyster (16091660) Dutch Golden Age
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Young Flute Player
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The Concert
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Clara Peeters Flemish Painter 1594-ca.1657
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Still Life of Vase, Vase, Jug and Platter of
Dried Fruit, c. 1619
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Fish, Oysters, and Shrimps, c. 1650
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Still Life with Cheeses, Artichoke and Cherries,
1625
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Academicians of the Royal Academy, 1772