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Title: Homeland Security: The Past, Present, and Future Trends


1
Homeland Security The Past, Present, and Future
Trends
  • Young B. Choi
  • Dept. of CIS MS
  • James Madison University

2
Homeland Security
3
Agenda
  • Introduction
  • Homeland Security
  • History of Homeland Security
  • Major Players
  • JMU IIIA and GMU CIPP
  • James Madison University IIIA
  • George Mason University CIPP
  • Major Research Areas of
  • Homeland Security
  • Information Analysis
  • Homeland Security Related Resources
  • Funding Sources for Homeland Security Research
  • Conclusions
  • References

4
Homeland Security The Past, Present, and Future
Trends
Abstract This presentation reviews the past,
present, and future trends of Homeland Security.
The research activities of relevant research
organizations including the IIIA (Institute for
Infrastructure and Information Assurance) of
James Madison University and the CIPP (Critical
Infrastructure Protection Program) of George
Mason University are introduced. The annual
Homeland Security Symposium and current technical
trends based on the analysis of presented
research papers will be identified. Outstanding
and emerging research issues of Homeland Security
will be proposed and discussed.
5
Introduction
Homeland Security Poster This is a great
conversation piece. Black and white and photos
of Red Dog, Little Dog, Little Wound, Red Cloud
and American Horse and in back John Bridgeman
Dated 1880. Price 3.50
6
Homeland Security
  • Definition Wikipedia
  • The term homeland security refers to the broad
    national effort by all levels of government to
    protect its territory from hazards, both internal
    and external, natural and man-made. The term is
    most often used in the United States elsewhere,
    national security has more usage. The term is
    also used to refer to the United States
    Department of Homeland Security itself 1.

7
History of Homeland Security
  • 1st Century
  • The Sicarii Zealots Assasins Herod the Great
  • 5th Century
  • Attila The Hun
  • 1095-1099
  • First Crusade
  • 13th Century
  • Ghengis Khan
  • 15th Century
  • Torquemoda
  • 1793-1794
  • Reign of Terror
  • 1972
  • The Munich Massacre
  • 2001
  • 9/11 (September 11 Attacks)

8
History of Homeland Security
Source URLhttp//www.americanprogress.org/issues
/2008/02/img/homeland_security_timeline.gif
9
Major Players
  • Federal Agencies
  • Universities
  • State and Local Agencies
  • Industry
  • Military

10
Federal Agencies
  • Federal Agencies
  • U.S Department of Homeland Security
  • A government agency created in 2003 to handle
    immigration and other security-related matters.
  • http//www.dhs.gov
  • The Federal Facilities Council (FFC)
  • Established in 1953 as the Federal Construction
    Council.
  • It operates under the auspices of the Board on
    Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment
    (BICE) of the National Research Council, the
    principal operating agency of the National
    Academies and the National Academy of
    Engineering.
  • Mission
  • Identify and advance technologies, processes, and
    management practices that improve the performance
    of federal facilities over their entire
    life-cycle, from planning to disposal.
  • http//www7.nationalacademies.org/ffc/

11
Federal Agencies DHS
  • Homeland Security Act of 2002
  • November 25, 2002
  • Officially created by the Homeland Security Act
    of 2002, this mega agency is charged with
    preventing and deterring terrorist attacks and
    protecting against and responding to threats and
    hazards to the nation.
  • The DHS
  • Mission We will lead the unified national effort
    to secure America. We will prevent and deter
    terrorist attacks and protect against and respond
    to threats and hazards to the nation. We will
    ensure safe and secure borders, welcome lawful
    immigrations and visitors, and promote the
    free-flow of commerce.

12
Federal Agencies DHS
  • Directorates of the Department of Homeland
    Security
  • Border and Transportation Security (BTS)
  • Emergency Preparedness and Response
  • Science and Technology
  • Information Assurance and Infrastructure
    Protection

13
DHS Organization
14
Military
  • Military
  • Air Force Intelligence
  • Army Intelligence
  • Marine Corps Intelligence
  • Navy Intelligence
  • Center for Contemporary Conflict
  • http//www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/rsepResources/homeland
    .aspjournals
  • Coast Guard Intelligence

15
JMU IIIA and GMU CIPP
  • Universities
  • James Madison University IIIA
  • George Mason University CIPP
  • Centers of Excellence Program
  • University of Southern California (Nov. 2003)
  • Texas AM University (Apr. 2004)
  • University of Minnesota (Apr. 2004)
  • University of Maryland (Jan. 2005)
  • Johns Hopkins University (Dec. 2005)

16
Universities
  • DHS Scholars and Fellows Program
  • Disaster Mitigation
  • Emergency Response
  • Prevention through the Use of Technology

17
  • Mission and Vision
  • A leader in Computer Security
  • One of the original seven Centers of Academic
    Excellence for Information Security Education by
    the National Security
  • In 2001, successfully competed for a grant
    through the Commonwealth Technology Research Fund
    to establish the Commonwealth Information
    Security
  • The Mission
  • Facilitate development, coordination, integration
    and funding of activities and capabilities of
    James Madison University to enhance information
    and critical infrastructure assurance at the
    federal, state and local levels.
  • The Vision
  • A society strengthened and enriched by
    increasingly dependable infrastructures fostered
    by a strong university role in leadership,
    interdisciplinary education, research and
    problem-solving.

18
IIIA Model
19
IIIA Foundation
20
Strategic Attributes
  • Emphasize applied research
  • Provide services to faculty for proposal and
    project development
  • Coordinate student-faculty-staff research teams
  • Enlist interdisciplinary, product- driven
    approach and agile organization
  • Implement strategic alliances quickly
  • Connect physical and cyber security and assurance
  • Develop software
  • Simulate and test networks
  • Produce quality, deliverable- based grant and
    contract products on time
  • Perform community service
  • Maintain and expand outstanding political support
    and linkages
  • Advance curriculum development
  • Develop risk assessment tools
  • Leverage longstanding degree programs

21
Strategic Alliances Private and Non-Profit
22
Strategic Alliances Education and Government
23
Critical Infrastructure Protection Project Core
Research Areas
  • Health Infrastructure
  • Avian Flu Pandemic
  • Disaster Preparedness
  • and Response
  • Modeling, Simulation Visualization
  • Information Analysis
  • Education
  • Community Resilience
  • Alternative Energy
  • Green IT

24
Flu Pandemic Model
  • Principal Ms. Patricia Higgins, JMU IIIA
  • Background This model was created for public
    health professionals to better prepare hospitals
    and other treatment facilities for a possible
    pandemic flu outbreak.
  • Objective Development of a modeling tool that
    can explore different patient surge scenarios and
    the impact on the standard of care of the
    hospital.
  • Approach
  • Researched data on various historical flu
    epidemics to develop model
  • Integrated mathematical model with SEIR system
    dynamics model
  • SEIR Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered
  • Stock and Flow model
  • Incorporated hospital based scarce resources
  • Nurses with specific skills
  • Hospital beds
  • Deliverables
  • Software
  • Currently Visual Basic Application
  • Output
  • Number of patients over time in different wards
  • Number of scarce resource shortfalls

25
BS Information Analysis
  • Department Integrated Science and Technology
  • Program Scope Prepares graduates to apply the
    principles of information analysis, synthesis and
    data mining to problems in national,
    international or business intelligence settings.
  • Knowledge Skills
  • Identify, formulate, analyze and solve complex,
    real-world problems
  • Access and critically analyze data from multiple
    sources
  • Use computer-based and mathematical tools to
    effectively analyze and display information
  • Three-tiered Approach
  • Social/Political/Cultural Understanding
  • Advanced Critical Thinking
  • Tools and Technology
  • Concentrations
  • National Security
  • Competitive Analysis

Carrier Library
26
2008 - Newly Funded Research
  • WMD Training for Community Emergency Responders
  • Dr. Ronald Raab, JMU/ISAT
  • Engineering Development of RFID Disaster Bracelet
    System
  • Dr. Anthony Teate, JMU/ISAT
  • Hosting a Cyber Defense Competition
  • Drs. Brett Tjaden and Houssain Heydari, JMU/CS
  • Computerized Constructive Cartography and
    Communication Center for Pandemic Prediction and
    Response
  • Dr. Lincoln Gray, JMU/HHS
  • Improving the Efficiency of Energy End-Use
  • Dr. Tony Chen, JMU/ISAT

27
WMD Training for Community Emergency Responders
  • Principal Dr. Ronald Raab, JMU Integrated
    Science and Technology
  • Background Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
    Standardized Awareness Training (AWR-160) is a
    FEMA/DHS course that standardizes the minimum WMD
    awareness level learning objectives that shall be
    included in all federal, state and local
    jurisdictions.
  • Objective This course establishes a common
    baseline to ensure nationwide consistency in WMD
    education and training for first responders.
  • Approach The course will be taught to all fire
    and rescue personnel in the city of Harrisonburg
    and the county of Rockingham. Delivery of the
    course for the city of Harrisonburg will be done
    for each of the three shifts, which consists of 4
    engine companies and one truck company.
  • Deliverables
  • Training for 11 companies with 3 shifts with
  • a total of 70 personnel

28
RFID Hurricane Bracelet System Development
  • Principal Dr. Anthony A. Teate, JMU Integrated
    Science and Technology
  • Background According to FEMA, Hurricane Katrina
    displaced more than 330,000 families. Of these,
    over 182,000 victims moved into shelters across
    more than 20 states. Many of these individuals
    experienced considerable delays in ability to
    contact/reunite with their family members.
  • Objective Research and final prototype
    development of Radio Frequency Identification
    (RFID) bracelet and tracking system with
    application to locating large numbers of
    individuals after a natural disaster.
  • Approach
  • Develop and test Missing Persons aspect of DIBS
    software
  • Develop and test an interface with a secure login
    that allows authorities to locate a persons
    identification data
  • Create a secure web-based application which
    allows family members to retrieve one anothers
    contact information
  • Deliverables
  • Proposal in response to SBIR opportunities
  • Seek early stage investment from Angel Investors

29
Hosting a Cyber Defense Competition
  • Principals Dr. Brett Tjaden, Dr. Houssain
    Heydari, JMU Computer Science
  • Background Cyber Defense competitions are
    important and challenging opportunities for
    participants to test their information security
    knowledge and skills in a realistic environment.
    JMU has participated in the Collegiate Cyber
    Defense Competition last year and plans to
    participate in the next competition. We would
    benefit from hosting a cyber-defense competition
    at JMU.
  • Objective To develop the capability and host a
    Cyber Defense Competition at JMU in Fall 2008.
  • Approach
  • Develop a team packet of relevant rules,
    guidelines, and schedule
  • Build the contest scenario
  • Acquire and configure network and virtual
    machines
  • Prepare participating faculty and students to
    participate and administer the competition
  • Deliverables
  • Actual cyber defense competition for JMU
    students, prospective students, and possibly
    local or regional businesses
  • Lessons learned from competition

30
Computerized Constructive Cartography Modeling
  • Principal Dr. Lincoln Gray, JMU Communication
    Sciences and Disorders
  • Background Modeling and visualization are key
    components to the IIIA research agenda and
    connects with emerging opportunities through the
    National Institutes of Health. The CCC method
    holds promise for predicting the spread of
    disease.
  • Objective Development of a more realistic risk
    assessment tool for public health applications.
  • Approach
  • Run improved CCC method demonstrations with
    improved visualizations
  • Develop manuscripts describing the CCC method
  • Develop and submit a proposal in response to
  • current NIH RFP
  • Deliverables
  • Improved website to highlight visualization
  • of models
  • 4-5 manuscripts to be submitted in 3 months
  • Final proposal due to NIH by Sept. 15

31
Efficient End-Use for Energy
  • Principal Dr. Tony Chen, JMU Integrated Science
    and Technology
  • Background
  • Americas security is threatened by dependence on
    foreign oil and fragile infrastructure (i.e.
    Trans-Alaska Pipeline System).
  • Most cost-effective option to replace imported
    fossil fuels is to use less energy
  • Latest efficient technologies estimated to save
    U.S. 300 billion/year overall
  • Objectives
  • Assessment of the current status of customer
    implementation of energy monitoring systems
  • Evaluation of their effect on end-user behavior
    in conserving energy
  • Approach
  • Monitor, collect and analyze data from all
    participants in a local power companys Demand
    Response and Green Power Rate Programs
  • Students will work with Dominion Virginia Power
    company to assess
  • and implement these two programs in the Central
    Shenandoah Valley
  • Deliverables
  • Monthly progress reports
  • Final report on research results

32
2008 Symposium
  • Partner National Academy of Sciences
  • Theme To foster the development of
    public-private partnerships, IIIAs 3rd annual
    homeland security research symposium illuminated
    successful collaboration between industry and
    government at the local,
  • regional and national levels.
  • Keynote Speakers
  • Congressman Dutch Ruppersberger, MD-2
  • Win the satellite war in space
  • Cyber security a top priority
  • Assistant Secretary of the Private Sector
  • Office for DHS, Alfonso Martinez-Fonts
  • Public-private collaboration invested 5 million
    for more than a 2.5 billion return on investment
    to improve transportation of consumer goods from
    Canada to U.S. through Detroit.

Vice Provost John Noftsinger with IIIA Fellow
Dennis Barlow
33
Homeland Security Textbook
  • Understanding Homeland Security Policy,
    Perspectives, and Paradoxes
  • Dr. John B. Noftsinger, Kenneth F. Newbold, Jack
    Wheeler 2

Comprehensive exploration of the history of
terrorism, the Department of Homeland Security,
public policy issues, information analysis,
critical infrastructure protection, risk
communication, border transportation security,
and future trends.
May 2007
34

Overview
  • One of the first texts analyzing the historical,
    social, psychological, technological, and
    political aspects that form the broad arena of
    homeland defense and security. 
  • Foreword Sec. John O. Marsh, Jr.
  • Publication May 2007
  • Publisher Palgrave Macmillan
  • Pages 232

35
Table of Contents
  • The Nature of the Threat (Historical
    Underpinnings)
  • What is Homeland Security?
  • Public Policy Issues (Security vs. Privacy)
  • Information/Intelligence Analysis
  • Critical Infrastructure Protection and
    Information Security
  • Risk Communication, Psychological Management, and
    Disaster Preparedness
  • Transportation and Border Security Issues
  • Future Implications Imagination, Integration,
    and Improvisation

36
About the Book
  • Each chapter begins with a hypothetical Table
    Top Scenario
  • Chapters conclude with a Case Study-examination
    of issues discussed within the text
  • Provides a new expanded definition of terrorism
  • Areas of Emphasis
  • Bureaucratic and legislative initiatives
  • Critical infrastructure protection
  • Information/cyber security
  • Public health
  • Border and transportation security
  • Intelligence collection and dissemination
  • Balancing Security and Privacy Rights

37
Innovative Approach
  • Historical Context
  • Social, psychological, technological and
    political aspects of homeland security policy
  • Humans as a Critical Infrastructure
  • Forecasting the Future of Homeland Security
  • Terrorism Defined
  • Terrorism is organized, politically, religiously,
    and/or socially motivated criminal behavior,
    meant to influence an audience, inflicted upon
    civilians or non-combatants, resulting in the
    incitement of fear and the deprivation of life,
    property, and/or freedom.

38
Forecasting the Future
  • Fighting the Last War
  • Need for Education and Research
  • Opportunities for Business
  • Innovation A National Imperative

39
Three Is of the Future
  • Imagination
  • Integration
  • Improvisation

40
Endorsements
  • "To illuminate Homeland Security is an ambitious
    undertaking in a world where the topic often
    generates more heat than light. Through
    integration of governmental, business and
    academic perspectives, the authors succeed in
    providing the reader with a vital framework for
    understanding. I know of no other single source
    that provides students and policy makers with
    such a thorough, yet eminently readable
    volume."--Gregory Saathoff MD, Executive
    Director, Critical Incident Analysis Group
    (CIAG), University of Virginia School of Medicine
  • "Finally, a comprehensive and coherent textbook
    for the homeland security arena. The authors have
    undertaken a complex subject matter and distilled
    it into a presentable format that will have great
    utility from the classroom to the boardroom.  The
    balancing and integration of subjects that impact
    public and private sector organizations as well
    as academia provide the instructor and student
    with a unique text that will also serve as a
    ready reference long after the class has
    concluded."--Paul M. Maniscalco, MPA, Gilmore
    National Terrorism Commission, Chairman, Threat
    Reassessment Panel and State and Local Response
    Panel

41
Customer Reviews
  • Amazon.com Customer Reviews
  • 'A Fine Effort for a Little Book'  This short,
    little paperback covers the basics, even though
    it uses a broadened or widened definition of
    terrorism (e.g., socially motivated, incites
    fear). Historical details are kept to a minimum.
    Organizational issues closely follow the
    governmental dictum about how homeland security
    ought to be organized. The tabletop exercises at
    the end of each chapter are good.
  • 'A must read for students of homeland security,
    concerned citizens, and policymakers."Understand
    ing Homeland Security" is a comprehensive
    examination of the past, present, and future of
    homeland security. Understanding Homeland
    Security" is well designed, very readable, and is
    an important read for anyone interested in
    homeland security.

42
George Mason University CIPP
  • George Mason UniversitySchool of LawCenter for
    Infrastructure Protection (CIPP)
  • Nationally and internationally recognized as a
    leading facilitator and provider of
    infrastructure protection programs that help
    secure and defend the United States and its
    allies.
  • Mission
  • Integrates law, policy, and technology to conduct
    comprehensive infrastructure protection,
    resiliency, and security research relevant to
    U.S. and international security.
  • Provides critical infrastructure stakeholders
    with valuable analysis of the cyber, physical,
    human, and economic frameworks of the United
    States critical infrastructures.

43
George Mason University CIPP
  • Core Functions of Mission
  • Facilitate basic and applied multi-disciplinary
    research in critical infrastructure protection,
    resiliency, and security and defense issues,
    identifying policy and operational gaps not
    adequately covered elsewhere
  • Provide timely and focused research, analysis,
    recommendations, and follow-on activities
  • Provide a forum where stakeholders all levels
    of government, industry, academia, and the
    private sector, both domestic and international
    share insights, seek solutions to problems,
    interact with other experts, gain access to
    decision-makers, bring about corrective action,
    and receive recognition for their work
  • Convene critical communities for collective
    action, especially in areas where such
    coordination would not otherwise occur
  • Encourage sensible security by balancing aspects
    of national security, homeland defense, and
    disaster response with concepts of federalism,
    economic efficiency, globalism, and personal
    freedoms
  • Collect knowledge about CIP issues, practices,
    and developments that will facilitate research,
    policy making, and private action
  • Collect, integrate, and analyze knowledge about
    CIP in this University, among academic, public,
    and private-sector organizations in this Nation,
    and among our allies
  • Perform outreach activities and facilitate
    information exchange and outreach among
    stakeholders

44
George Mason University CIPP
  • Core Functions of Mission
  • Present formal programs for training and
    education, including professional development of
    current and future leaders in the field
  • Produce research papers and periodic publications
    that are recognized domestically and
    internationally as that of an independent,
    credible authority
  • Open avenues for the development of mutually
    beneficial international relationships
  • Provide subject matter expertise and skilled,
    cost-effective administrative and logistical
    support in the development and execution of
    preparedness exercises and simulations
  • Evaluate cross-government agency activities
  • Using Masons pre-eminence in law and economics,
    evaluate homeland security activities from a
    market-economy perspective and
  • Stimulate innovation and invention in CIP by
    analyzing the issues from an independent
    perspective.

45
Center for Infrastructure Protection Concept
Structure
Director PI
External Advisory Board
Mason CIP Coordination Group
Management Support Team Associate Director Chief
of Staff Financial/Resource Manager Admin.
Assistant to the Director
Communications Team The CIP Report Editor (tasks
outreach, public affairs, comms., events,
private sector and international coordination)
Ed. Training
Research Technology
Program Manager A
Program Manager B
Program Manager D
Program Manager C
Energy
Cyber
Economics
Health
Comms.
Industrial Base
Food-Ag
Foreign Invest.
Chemical
IT
Water
Energy
Risk
Transportation
Law Policy
The staff should grow to 25-35 with expanded
projects and financial resources.
Activated to support resources and demand
The Interim Step
46
An example of a University Relationship
Funding formula SPP and CHHS will share direct
funding, and the CIP will receive limited direct
funding as it provides instructors and other
resources. All three bodies will receive
indirect funding as appropriate.
  • Lead the program
  • Develop curriculum
  • Provide instructors

SPP
CHHS
  • Co-lead the program
  • Develop curriculum
  • Provide instructors

Working together to establish the masters
program in Health, Emergency Response, and Public
Policy.
DVA
CIP
  • Support the program
  • Assist with curriculum development
  • Provide some instructors
  • Recruit sponsors
  • Provide outreach to government, private sector,
    and academia

CIP
CHHS
DHS
Private Sector
Academia
SPP
DOD
SMEs
47
State and Local Agencies
  • State and Local Agencies
  • Office of State and Local Government Coordination
    and Preparedness (OSLGCP) 2005
  • Jurisdiction of The Office for Domestic
    Preparedness (ODP)
  • The Homeland Security Grant Program (HSGP)
  • Establishment of The Offices of Community
    Preparedness, and State and Local Government
    Coordination

48
Industry
  • Industry
  • To lead the effort of engaging business, DHS
    created the Homeland Security Advanced Research
    Projects Agency (HSARPA) as the clearing house
    and coordinating body for these activities.
  • The DHS has also actively sought innovative and
    unique concepts and technologies from the
    private sector by issuing unsolicited proposals
    from businesses for the purpose s of contracting.

49
Major Research Areas of HS
  • Homeland Security Research Areas with Codes 3
  • 01 Explosives Detection, Mitigation and Response
  • 02 Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences
  • 03 Risk and Decision Sciences
  • 04 Human Factors Aspects of Technology
  • 05 Chemical Threats and Countermeasures
  • 06 Biological Threats and Countermeasures
  • 07 Food and Agriculture Security
  • 08 Transportation Security
  • 09 Border Security
  • 10 Immigration Studies
  • 11 Maritime and Port Security
  • 12 Infrastructure Protection
  • 13 Natural Disasters and Related Geophysical
    Studies
  • 14 Emergency Preparedness and Response
  • 15 Communications and Interoperability
  • 16 Advanced Data Analysis and Visualization

50
Intelligence Analysis
  • Intelligence
  • The process, which produces a product through a
    series of six steps (Richelson 1999, 8)
  • Collection of data
  • Processing this information
  • Integration with other data
  • Analysis of what has been assembled
  • Evolution of the data
  • Interpretation by the analyst(s)
  • Information analysis (IA) and the use of
    intelligence is not only practical in combating
    terrorism, but is also utilized in law
    enforcement disaster planning and response
    competitive analysis and strategic planning

51
Intelligence Community (IC)
  • A federation of executive branch agencies and
    organizations that work separately and together
    to conduct intelligence activities necessary for
    the conduct of foreign relations and the
    protection of the national security of the United
    States. These activities include
  • Collection of information needed by the
    President, the National Security Council, the
    Secretaries of State and Defense, and other
    Executive Branch officials for the performance of
    their duties and responsibilities
  • Production and dissemination of intelligence
  • Collection of information concerning, and the
    conduct of activities to protect against,
    intelligence activities directed against the US,
    international terrorist and international
    narcotics activities, and other hostile
    activities directed against the US by foreign
    powers, organizations, persons, and their agents
  • Special activities
  • Administrative and support activities within the
    US and abroad necessary for the performance of
    authorized activities and
  • Such other intelligence activities as the
    President may direct from time to time.
  • Use the links at the right to read legislation,
    reports, and executive orders that have defined
    the IC since 1947.
  • Source http//www.intelligence.gov/1-definition.s
    html

52
Members of US IC
  • Director of National Intelligence
  • Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence
  • Air Force Intelligence
  • Army Intelligence
  • Central Intelligence Agency
  • Coast Guard Intelligence
  • Defense Intelligence Agency
  • Department of Energy
  • Department of Homeland Security
  • Department of State
  • Department of the Treasury
  • Drug Enforcement Administration
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation
  • Marine Corps Intelligence
  • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  • National Reconnaissance Office
  • National Security Agency
  • Navy Intelligence

Source http//www.intelligence.gov/1-definition.s
html
53
Overview of Information Analysis
  • The Intelligence Cycle
  • Planning and Direction
  • Drawing up specific collection requirements
  • Collection
  • Gathering of the raw data needed to produce
    finished intelligence
  • Processing
  • Conversion of the vast amount of information
    collected to a form usable by analysts
  • All-Source Analysis and Production
  • Conversion of basic information into finished
    intelligence
  • Dissemination
  • Distribution of the finished intelligence to the
    consumers, the same policy makers, whose needs
    initiated the intelligence requirements

54
Overview of Information Analysis
  • Security Clearance
  • Specifies a level of access given to certain
    information and is a status granted to
    individuals, typically members of the military
    and employees of governments and their
    contractors
  • Security Clearance Steps
  • A detailed life story form
  • Background check
  • Full field investigation
  • Special background investigation (SBI)
  • Polygraph test of the candidate
  • Adjudication A review of all the materials from
    the prior steps, and a conclusion is reached
    where the individual is either given or denied
    the requested level of clearance
  • Levels of Classification Unclassified,
    Confidential, Secret, Top Secret

55
Overview of Information Analysis
  • Role of Information Analysis in HS
  • Homeland Security is a relatively new area.
  • The future success of information analysis and
    preparation of intelligence depends on the
    ability of agencies to cooperate and share
    pertinent information to protect the nations
    interests.
  • One emerging issue of in the IC The rising need
    for analysts as the existing workforce approaches
    retirement age.
  • Current estimates 20,000-25,000 analysts
    positions in the IC will be available
  • The other issue shaping the future of the IC is
    the need for increased translators of foreign
    languages.

56
Homeland Security Related Resources
  • Conferences
  • Homeland Security 2008
  • AFCEA INTERNATIONAL (Armed Forces Communications
    and Electronics Association)
  • AFCEA's 7th Annual Renowned Homeland Security
    Conference
  • "Building on Progress...A Promising Future"
    February 27-28, 2008 Ronald Reagan
    International Trade CenterWashington, D.C.
  • http//www.afcea.org/events/homeland/08/home.asp
  • Homeland Security in Action
  • Second Annual Conference and Showcase
  • The Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey,
    CaliforniaAugust 25-29, 2008
  • http//www.physics-math.com/ConferenceFolder/2008C
    onfHomePage

57
Homeland Security Related Resources
  • 7th Annual 2008 Homeland Security Conference
  • Fall 2008
  • Albuquerque, New Mexico
  • http//www.nmhsconference.org/index.html
  • 2009 IEEE International Conference on
    Technologies for Homeland Security (HST 2009)
  • May 11 - 13, 2009
  • Westin Hotel - Waltham, MA Greater Boston
  • http//www.ieeehomelandsecurityconference.org/
  • 2009 NRC/FFC and IIIA Homeland Security Symposium
  • Protecting Large Facility Complexes
  • Wednesday, May 13, 2009
  • Keck Center, National Academy of Sciences,
    Washington, D.C.

58
Homeland Security Related Resources
  • Journals
  • Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency
    Management
  • http//www.bepress.com/jhsem/
  • Homeland Security Affairs
  • http//www.hsaj.org/
  • Homeland Defense Journal (magazine)
  • http//www.homelanddefensejournal.com/hdl/home.asp

59
Funding Sources for Homeland Security Research
  • DOH
  • DOD
  • Major US IC member organizations

60
Conclusions
  • The growth of Homeland Security in America
  • One of the most wide-sweeping bureaucratic
    movements in history.
  • For coordinated domestic preparedness efforts,
    improvements are necessary.
  • Understanding of key legislation, organizations,
    terms, and goals of HS is necessary.
  • More detailed research of many perspectives of HS
    should be pursued.

61
References
  • 1 Homeland Security, URLhttp//en.wikipedia.org
    /wiki/Homeland_Security
  • 2 Understanding Homeland Security Policy,
    Perspectives, and Paradoxes, John B. Noftsinger,
    Jr., Kenneth F. Newbold, Jr., and Jack K.
    Wheeler, Palgrave Macmillian, 2007.
  • 3 Homeland Security Research Areas with Codes,
    URL http//www.orau.gov/DHSED/2008pages/ResearchA
    reaswithCodes.pdf
  • 4 The CIP Report, Critical Infrastructure
    Protection Program, School of Law, George Mason
    University, Volume 7, Number 1, July 2008.
    http//cipp.gmu.edu/archive/cip_report_7.1.pdf
  • 5 2008 Homeland Security Spring Research
    Symposium Fostering Public Private
    Partnerships, The National Academy of Sciences,
    Washington, D.C., May 22, 2008.
    http//www.jmu.edu/iiia/2008symposium/index.html
  • 6 2007 Homeland Security Spring Research
    Symposium Cascading Infrastructure Failures
    Avoidance and Response, The National Academy of
    Sciences, Washington, D.C., May 16, 2007. (IIIA
    Publication 08-02) http//www.jmu.edu/iiia/webdoc
    s/symposiums/200720Symposium20Program.pdf
  • 7 2006 Homeland Security Spring Research
    Symposium Homeland Security Engaging the
    Frontiers, The National Academy of Sciences,
    Washington, D.C., May 12, 2006. (IIIA
    Publication 07-02)
  • 8 Toward an Organization for Software System
    Security Principles and Guidelines, IIIA
    Technical Paper 08-01, Samuel T. Redwine, Jr.,
    James Madison University, 2008.
    http//www.jmu.edu/iiia/webdocs/Reports/SwA_Princi
    ples_Organization-sm.pdf
  •  
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