HUMAN BODY UNIT

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HUMAN BODY UNIT

• -Mrs. LeMay-
• 7th grade Science

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Function of the Muscular System

• Movement
• Stability
• Heat Production

• Works in pairs
• Contraction (bunches)
• Relaxes (lengthens)
• Chemical impulses from brain send message
• Burns ENERGY

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Types of Muscles
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TYPES of Muscles
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Muscle cells have LOTS of Mitochondria.why?
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Problems/Diseases
Strains, tears, sprains Damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments
Muscular Dystrophy Weakening of muscles, genetic, no cure
Myasthemia gravis Decreased impulses to the muscles. Causes drooping, fatigue, and breathing issues
ALS (Lou Gehrigs disease) Attacks motor neurons, no cure
Cerebral palsy Brain damage has occurred, decrease in physical abilities
Atrophy When a muscle doesnt get use and shrinks
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Fast Facts
How many? Over 630 (you have 30 in your face!)
Busiest muscle? Eyes- move 100, 000 x a day
Largest? What are hiccups? Gluteus maximus- (buttocks) Diaphragmatic spasm
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Function of the SKELETAL System

• Structure
• Protection
• Make Blood

• Living tissue
• Can repair itself

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Common Bone Fracture Types
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Problems/Diseases
Scoliosis Side to side curving of the spine
osteoporosis Disease in the loss of bone tissue, Bone loses calcium and may disappear
Leukemia abnormal white blood cells multiply Blood cancer
Spina bifida Infants born where the spinal cord is exposed. Genetics seems to play a role.
Arthritis/Osteoarthritis Pain, stiffness and swelling in joints/ When the affected joint wears out
Polio Serious infection caused by a virus. Can lead to paralysis
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Fast Facts
How many? Born with 300 As grow bones fuse and 206 remain
Longest? Thigh- it is ¼ your height
Human vs. giraffe Same number of vertebrae in neck, just the giraffes are MUCH longer.
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Function of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Electrical Network
• Carries O2 to the body and CO2 away
• 4 chambers

• Arteries carry Oxygenated blood AWAY from the
  heart.
• Veins carry Deoxygenated blood to the heart.

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Flow of Blood

• Start at the heart (right side)
• Sent to the lungs, where I
• Pick up oxygen, drop CO 2
• Now I turn RED,
• Then I go back to the heart (left side), where I
  am
• Sent to the body
• Where I drop off oxygen, pick up CO 2
• Now I turn Blue
• So I go back to the Heart.

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Problems/Diseases
Cardiac Infarction (Heart Attack) blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked long enough that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.
Cardiac dysrhythmias Abnormalities of heart rhythm
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Blood flow in arteries is too high. (Heart works too hard.)
Stroke Blood clot in brain that causes brain death
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Fast Facts
How does it beat? Electricity makes the muscle cells contract!
How fast? Exercising 10 seconds (blood from heart to big toe and back)
How much? Average heart beats 100,000 times a day
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Nervous System

• Main Job

• Why we need the BRAIN??

• TWO PARTS
• central nervous system
• brain and spinal cord
• peripheral nervous system.
• Nerves from spine to muscles/glands

• control center
• keeps the body working smoothly
• thoughts, feelings, memory.

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Brain
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neuron
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Diseases/Problems

• Alzheimers disease
• Parkinson's disease
• multiple sclerosis
• Stroke
• Headaches
• Bacterial or viral meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Hemorrhage

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Fast Facts

• average adult human brain approx 3 pds
• contains 100 billion nerve cells
• trillions of "support cells" called glia.
• right side brain works left side of body, and
  vice versa.
• Nerve impulses as fast as 170 mph
• number of thoughts 70,000 day.

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Function of the Digestive System

• Breaks down food into tiny molecules that can be
  reabsorbed into the bloodstream and distributed
  to cells.

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Digestive System RAP
We start in the mouth Where digestion
begins Chemical/mechanical together. Now down the
esophagus, Into the stomach Where its
chemical/mechanical again. Next into the
intestine, the first one is small Where nutrients
are reabsorbed. Then off to the intestine, this
time its large Where water is reabsorbed The
rest moves through (We call it 2) And thats the
end of digestion
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Problems/Diseases
Ulcers Holes are burnt into the stomach lining by the gastric juice overproduction can be stress induced.
Lactose intolerance Lacking enzyme Lactase that breaks down lactose
Gastric Bypass Restructuring the digestive system for weight loss
Diarrhea/ Constipation -too little/too much water reabsorbed by large intestine.
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Where are we digested?

• Carbohydrates mouth
  saliva
• Proteins stomach
  gastric acid
• fats small intestine
  pancreas/liver
• Water large intestine
  (absorbed)

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Fast Facts
Peristalsis Allows us to eat UPSIDE down
How about all that GAS? Most of us pass avg, about 600 ml/day. Made of five gasses O2, CO2, nitrogen, hydrogen, Methane
Length? Small intestine Large Intestine 6-7 meters 1.5 meters
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The Respiratory System

• supply the blood with oxygen
• to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body
• Removal of Carbon Dioxide

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Problems/Diseases
Asthma inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles that cause difficulty in breathing/ wheezing
Bronchitis inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes
Choking (aspiration) obstruction of the flow of air into the lungs
Pneumonia inflammation of the lungs caused by infection
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MORE
pharyngitis Inflammation of pharynx (sore throat)
Laryngitis Inflammation of voice box (loss of voice)

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Fast Facts



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Function of the urinary system

• Removal of liquid waste from the body
• Urinalysis test run on urine sample
• Protein kidney disease
• Glucose diabetes
• White Blood cells urinary tract infection (UTI)