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Conformance Testing: the elixer within the chain for Learning Scenarios and Objects

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Conformance Testing: the elixer within the chain for Learning Scenarios and Objects Rob Nadolski, Owen Oneill, Wim van der Vegt & Rob Koper Educational Technology ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Conformance Testing: the elixer within the chain for Learning Scenarios and Objects


1
Conformance Testingthe elixer within the chain
for Learning Scenarios and Objects
Rob Nadolski, Owen Oneill, Wim van der Vegt Rob
Koper Educational Technology Expertise
Centre Open University of the Netherlands
ICALT, 2006
2
Fostering/enabling (new) ways of learning
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Fostering/enabling (new) ways of learning
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Fostering/enabling (new) ways of learning
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Fostering/enabling (new) ways of learning
Optimally exploit technologies for
cost-efficient, effective, and attractive
e-learning experiences
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Effective attractive e-learning experiences
  • New ways of learning
  • Collaborative
  • Competence-based
  • Problem-based
  • Multi-user Learning Scenarios (LS)
  • Knowledge co-constructed by learners

ICALT, 2006
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Trends in cost-efficient e-learning experiences
  • 1. Learning Technology specifications/standards
  • IEEE LOM,
  • IMS CP,
  • IMS QTI,
  • IMS LIP,
  • IMS LD
  • et cetera

ICALT, 2006
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Trends in cost-efficient e-learning experiences
  • 2. Separate LS and LO (only supported by IMS LD)
  • Learning Scenario (LS)
  • Roles
  • Learning activities
  • Support activities
  • Learning Environment - resources (eg learning
    objects) - services
  • Learning Object (LO)
  • Any digital, reproducible and addressable
    resource

ICALT, 2006
9
Trends in cost-efficient e-learning experiences
  • 3. Components-based systems
  • - Web services
  • - Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
  • Support a flexible and sustained approach to
  • e-learning systems development
  • Flexibility is urged by learners, educators,
  • and educational institutes to enable
  • personalized new ways of learning

ICALT, 2006
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Trends in cost-efficient e-learning experiences
  • 4. Chain for LOs and LSs (includes 5 links)

Superimposed on LT specifications/standards
AND Conformance Testing
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Trends in cost-efficient e-learning experiences
  • 4. Chain for LOs and LSs
  • Development of LOs and LSs
  • Set available LOs and LSs
  • Make LOs and LSs searchable and reusable
  • Arrange LOs and LSs into units of learning
  • Use units of learning by learners and educators
  • (superimposed on LT-specifications AND CT)

ICALT, 2006
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Chain for LOs and LSs
  • State of the art for tools supporting Link 1
  • Development of LOs and LSs
  • Wide range for LOs well established specs
  • (CP, MD)
  • Lacking and partly insufficient for LSs
  • more immature specs

ICALT, 2006
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Chain for LOs and LSs
  • State of the art for tools supporting Link 2
  • Set available LOs and LSs
  • Publishing in repositories is widely available,
  • although there might be a problem for real
  • portability of LOs/LSs (MERLOT, several LMSs)

ICALT, 2006
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Chain for LOs and LSs
  • State of the art for tools supporting Link 3
  • Make LOs and LSs searchable and reusable
  • Federated searches through metadata for LOs
  • widely available, but inadequate/lacking for LSs

ICALT, 2006
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Chain for LOs and LSs
  • State of the art for tools supporting Link 4
  • Arrange LOs and LSs into units of learning
  • Fair range of tools but limited to reusing LOs
  • and quite complex to use

ICALT, 2006
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Chain for LOs and LSs
  • State of the art for tools supporting Link 5
  • Use units of learning by learners and educators
  • Quite a range of players but the stage of true
  • personalized learning environments and seamless
  • integration of componentsbased e-learning systems
  • has not been reached yet

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Chain for LOs and LSs
  • State of the art for tools Conclusion
  • several links in the chain are beneath optimal
    strength
  • Solution
  • Better and more easy Conformance Testing to
  • Simplify software development
  • -gt Improve software development
  • -gt Increase confidence in software products

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Conformance Testing in chain for LOs and LSs
  • Simplification
  • of testing process
  • of developing application domain
    profiles(needed to address community-specific
    needs)
  • Through
  • - Telcert tools (EU 6th framework)

ICALT, 2006
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Conformance Testing in chain for LOs and LSs
  • Telcert tools
  • (specification? certification)
  • Schemaprof
  • Schema Transformation Tool
  • Content Reengineering Tool
  • Telcert Test System

ICALT, 2006
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Conformance Testing in chain for LOs and LSs
  • Telcert tools
  • 1. Schemaprof
  • allows the creation of an Application Profile
    based on an XML schema file
  • reduces the incidence of human-error
  • modifications are written to an XML file

ICALT, 2006
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Conformance Testing in chain for LOs and LSs
  • Telcert tools
  • 2. Schema Transformation Tool
  • works as a plug-in for Schemaprof
  • combines base-specification schema with
    modifications made in Schemaprof
  • generates an XML Schema representation of an
    Application Profile

ICALT, 2006
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Conformance Testing in chain for LOs and LSs
  • Telcert tools
  • 3. Content Reengineering Tool
  • enables creation of content based on localised
    XML schemas
  • is based on the Reload editor
  • functionality has also been added to support
    Application Profiles

ICALT, 2006
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Conformance Testing in chain for LOs and LSs
  • Telcert tools
  • 4. Telcert Test System
  • tests against a particular e-learning
    specification
  • can be tested against
  • the base specification (represented by XSD file)
  • an application profile (produced by Schemaprof)
  • generic specification-specific tests (derived
    from the specification documentation)
  • after running a test session, the system provides
    detailed information on the results of each test

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Summary
  • Conformance Testing
  • - is indispensable for creating a stronger more
    enduring chain
  • - supports development and adoption of
    SOA-compatible
  • software to facilitate new ways of learning
  • - enables more portable LOs and LSs between
    different systems

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BUT
  • Conformance Testing could be left unexploited
  • - because there is no critical mass for using LT
    specifications
  • within certain communities
  • - development of effective, user-friendly
    SOA-compatible
  • software components is not feasible
  • - it will not be mature enough for comprehensive
    use in the
  • e-learning industry (which tends to use/develop
    new
  • specifications that need to be fully represented
    in a machine
  • readable format (unambiguous documentation, eg.
    UML 2.x))

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Discussion Questions
  • Further details
  • - Telcert project website
  • http//www.opengroup.org/telcert/
  • E-mail rob.nadolski_at_ou.nl

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Telcert project
  1. Enhanced Learning research and technology project
    under the EU 6th framework
  2. Aims to develop new testing technologies for
    e-learning specifications
  3. Telcert has produced a number of tools to enable
    conformance testing for e-learning specifications

ICALT, 2006
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