20th Century Short Stories with MOVEMENTS (ISMS)

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20th Century Short Stories with MOVEMENTS (ISMS)

• We will examine popular short stories through the
  lens of the artistic movement that influenced
  each writer.

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Introduction

• The early 20th century pulled influences from
  previous artistic movements (so we will examine
  movements from the 18th century onward) in
  addition to focus on 20th century artistic
  movements.
• Your task will be to learn the basic definition
  of each artistic movement with a writer from our
  unit as well as a popular artist. Dates are
  important.

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Short Stories in the Unit with author and date

• The Metamorphisms by Franz Kafka (Handout)
• -written in 1916
• The Wall by Jean Paul Sarte (Handout)
• -written in 1939
• The Devil and Tom Walker by Washington Irving
  (Textbook)
• - written in 1824
• Bliss by Katherine Mansfield (Handout)
• -written in 1920
• The Jilting of Granny Weatherall by Katherine Ann
  Porter (Textbook)
• -written in 1930
• A Rose for Emily (Textbook)
• -written in 1930
• Trapped in A Comic Book by Jules Feiffer
  (Textbook)
• -written in 1986
• Use the dates to help you decide which literary
  unit the author found as an influence.

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How to critique art remember DAIJ Focus on
Description

• It stands for Description, Analysis,
  Interpretation, Judgment or Dem Apples Is
  Juicy.

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How to critique art remember DAIJ Focus on
Description.

• To start give the title, artist, medium, etc.
• Next, describe the colors that you see. What
  does the art look like? Are the colors bright or
  subdued? What is it made of? What objects and
  textures do you see in it?
• What is the entrance point. (Ill explain).
• Remember This is all factual, there is NO
  OPINION involved in description.
• Now you try.

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Okay, give me a D.
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How to critique art remember DAIJ Focus on
Analysis.

• Next, tell how all of the answers form the
  Description stage are related to one another.
  i.e. how the above facts are organized and
  compliment one another or create harmony or
  distress. This step can be the most confusing
  because it is very similar to the first step and
  can easily overlap. A good suggestion is to
  think about some of the principles of art
  movement, variety, proportion, emphasis, balance,
  and contrast.

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How to critique art remember DAIJ Focus on
Interpretation.

• Interpretation. Basically, how does the painting
  make you feel? What does it make you think of?
  Dont say the artwork sucks. Not yet. (That
  comes in the next step.) What do you think the
  artist is trying to communicate to you as a
  viewer? Just because this step is more open-ended
  than the previous steps, and there are not any
  right or wrong answers, I still think it is the
  most important (and fun) step.

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How to critique art remember DAIJ Focus on
Judgment.

• Judgment. Okay, so whether or not in the
  previous step you interpreted the paintings as
  reminding you of regurgitated lunchroom tater
  tots, you NOW say whether it is a success or a
  failure in your opinion. Also, do you feel it is
  original or unoriginal? Would you hang it on your
  wall at home? Here is the place for all the gut
  feelings you had when you first looked at the
  artwork.

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Agenda

• Gothicism
• Modernism
• Post-Modernism and Existentialism and Surrealism
• Expressionism
• Impressionism and Post-Impressionism
• Pop Art

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Gothicism Definition

• Time Period Late 18th century early 19th
  century (parallel to Romantic movement)
• Gothic Fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic
  horror) is a genre of literature that combines
  elements of both horror and romance. As a genre,
  it is generally believed to have been invented by
  the English author Horace Walpole, with his 1794
  novel The Castle of Orantho.

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(No Transcript)
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Modern Day Gothicism

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vFdL496Oc3VQ

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History of the Gothic Movement

• The word Gothic, is very old and was used from
  the Renaissance on to signify the art of the
  Middle Ages. It was named after the German tribe
  of the Goths who once had invaded Italy and
  broken up the Roman Empire to revive the Classic
  age. The term Gothic had a negative connotation
  because the Italians blamed the Goths for
  breaking up the empire. The art style of this
  period they called Gothic, by which they meant
  barbaric.

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Gothic Literature/ Writers

• A literary genre that began in England in the
  late 1700s. The word Goth came from the
  architecture where it describes castles and
  cathedrals as they served for the mysterious
  settings of early Gothic fiction.
• Writers Percy Shelley, John Keats, Lord Byron,
  Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Shelley.

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Elements of Gothic Style(Study this carefully.
We will do an entire unit on Gothicism later in
the semester).

• Bleak or remote settings
• Macabre or dismal settings
• Characters in psychological or physical torment
• Supernatural or otherworldly elements
• Strong language full of dangerous meanings

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Gothic Architecture
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Gothic Art
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More Art

• American Gothic by Grant Wood was created in
  the 20th century. However, it depicts a house
  from 1881 that is described as Gothic revival.

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A Definition of Modernism

• Time Period late 19th century mid-20th century
  (1945)
• Definition Modernism describes both a set of
  cultural tendencies and an array of associated
  cultural movements arising from wide-scale and
  far reaching changes in Western society in the
  19th and early 20th century. BIG CHANGE WWI.
  The term encompasses the literature, religious
  faith, social organization and daily life were
  becoming outdated in the new economic, social and
  political conditions of an emerging, fully
  industrialized world.
• Modernism rejected the lingering certainty of
  Enlightenment thinking, and also that of a
  benignly, intervening, all-powerful Creator.
  CONTROVERSIAL-influenced by Charles Darwins
  ideas on evolution.

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Famous Artists and Authors

• Artists Manet, Hans Hoffman
• Authors Baudelaire, Flaubert

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An example of art from the Modernist movement

• Rope Swinger by Hans Hoffman mid 20th century.
  This is also considered abstract expressionism.

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A definition of Post-Modernism

• Time period mid-late 20th century (specific
  start-1945)
• Postmodernism-literally means after Modernism
  movement. This movement carries Modernist styles
  or practices to the extreme!
• Largely influenced by Western European
  Disillusionment induced by WWII. It refers to
  an artistic state lacking a clear central
  hierarchy or organizing principle and embodying
  extreme complexity, contradiction, ambiguity,
  diversity or interconnectivity.

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Famous Existential Authors

• Existentialism emerges from a movement in
  twentieth-century literature and philosophy Kafka
  and Sarte.

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Famous Post-Modern Authurs

• Arthurs William Burroughs, and Kurt Vonnegut.
• NOTE Postmodernist writiers often point to
  earlier novels and short story collections as
  inspiration for their experiments with narrative
  and structure.
• Artists Tristan Tzara (dadaism specifically).
  Rene Magritte and Salvador Dali (surrealism
  specifically).

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Definition of Existentialism

• Given to 19th and 20th century philosophers who
  share a belief that philosophic thinking begins
  with the human subject-not merely the thinking
  subject, but the acting, thinking, feeling,
  living human individual. In existentialism, the
  individuals starting point is characterized by
  what has been called the existential attitude
  or sense of disorientation of confusion in the
  face of an apparently meaningless or absurd
  world.

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Surrealism defined as an offshoot of
Post-Modernism

• Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in
  the 1920s and is best known for the visual
  artworks and writings of the group members.
• Surrealist works feature the element of surprise,
  unexpected juxtapositions (a paring of two unlike
  things, i.e. pox, politics, and beans). However,
  many Surrealist artists and writers regard their
  work as an expression of the philosophical
  movement first and foremost with their works
  being an artifact. In the 1920s, the movement
  developed from the Dada movement, and spread
  around the globe affecting the visual arts,
  literature, film and music of many countries and
  languages, as well as political thought and
  practice and social theory.

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Famous Surrealist authors and artists

• Authors Marx Ernst, Franz Kafka, Shirley Jackson
• Artists Joan Miro, Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali,
  Rene Magritte

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Surrealist Artwork- Rene Magritte

• Cest n est pas une pipe or this is not a
  pipe AND IT ISNT. ?

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Surrealist Artwork-Salvador Dali The Persistence
of Memory
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Surrealist artwork Max Ernst and The Couple in
Lace
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The Expressionism Movement

• Dates 20th century-roughly 1914-1945
• Definition Expressionism is the tendency of an
  artist to distort reality for an emotional
  effect it is a subjective art form.
  Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms,
  including painting, literature, theater, film,
  architecture, and music. The term often implies
  emotional angst. the artist's subjective
  expression of inner experiences was emphasized
  an inner feeling was expressed through a
  distorted rendition of reality.

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Expressionist Artists/Authors

• Edward Munch, Vincent Van Gogh, Max Weber
• Authors Nietzsche, Franz Kafka
• Expressionism in architecture Babelsberg
  Einsteinturm in Potsdam, Germany

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Expressionist Artwork The Scream by Edward
Munch and View of Toledo by El Greco influenced
the Expressionism Movement (But it was painted in
the 16th century)
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Expressionist Art- On White II by Wassily
Kandinsky-1923

• Please D.A.I.J. this painting.

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Expressionism is the opposite of Impressionism (a
quote to prove it)

• The term was also coined by Czech art historian
  in 1910as the opposite of Impressionism. An
  Expressionist wishes, above all, to express
  himself(An Expressionist rejects) immediate
  perception and builds on more complex psychic
  structuresImpressionists and mental images that
  pass through mental peoples souls as through a
  filter which rids them of all substantial
  accretions to produce their clear essence and are
  assimilated and condensed in more general forms,
  into types, which he transcribes through simple
  short-handed formulae and symbols. Gordon, 1987)

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Impressionism Defined

• Dates 1860s-mid 20th century
• Impressionism was a 19th century art movement
  that began as a loose association of Paris-based
  artists exhibiting their art publicly in the
  1860s. The name of the movement is derived from
  the title of the Claude Monet work,
  impressionist Sunrise (this is a test question)
  
• Characteristics of impressionists paintings
  include visual brush strokes, open composition,
  emphasis on light and its changing qualities
  (often exentuating the effects of the passing of
  time) ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of
  movement as a crucial element of human perception
  and experience and unusual visual angles.

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Impressionistic Authors and Artists

• Authors James Joyce
• Artists Claude Monet, Winslow Homer,
  Pierre-Auguste Renior, Edgar Degas

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Der Star des Ballets by Edgar Degas
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Gustave Caillebotte-La Place de lEurope, temps
la pluie (a place in Europe, when it rains, I
think)
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Pop Art

• Pop Art was a visual art movement that emerged in
  the 1950s in Britain and the United States. The
  origin of the term Pop Art is unknown but is
  often credited to British art critic Lawrence
  Alloway in an essay titled "The Arts and the Mass
  Media", although he uses the words "popular mass
  culture" instead of "pop art". Alloway was one of
  the leading critics to defend Pop Art as a
  legitimate art form.

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(No Transcript)
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Pop Art Part Deux

• It was one of the biggest art movements of the
  twentieth century and is characterized by themes
  and techniques drawn from popular mass culture,
  such as television, movies, advertising and comic
  books. Pop art is widely interpreted as either a
  reversal or reaction to Abstract Expressionism or
  an expansion upon it.

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Pop Art Continued

• Pop Art aimed to employ images of popular culture
  as opposed to elitist culture in art, often
  emphasizing kitsch and thus targeted a broad
  audience. It was easy to understand, easy to
  recognize because it was iconic and accessible to
  the mass public. Pop art is sometimes considered
  to be very academic and unconventional, but it
  was always easy to interpret.

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Pop Artists Crash, Jim Dine, Keith Haring, Roy
Lichtenstein , Andy Warhol  and Tom Wesselmann
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Summary

• You must know which movements influenced your
  story and your author.
• You must remember which movements influenced
  other movements.
• You must know one author and one artist from each
  movement for the ISMS exam.