Europe, Africa, and Asia

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The Beginnings of our Global Age

• Europe, Africa, and Asia

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Why Europeans Searched for Spices
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Portugal

• Who takes the lead and encourages exploration?

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Prince Henry
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Prince Henry decides to explore Portugal

• Wants to make Portugal a world power and hoped to
  convert people to Christianity.
• He encourages advances in mapmaking (cartography)
  and navigation
• He maps out the African coast
• Legacy oes succeed in making Portugal a world
  power but does not succeed in spreading
  Christianity.

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Seeking India

• Who is the Portuguese explorer that connects to
  India?

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Vasco da Gama
Early explorers could not navigate from the
Mediterranean to the Red Sea and into the Indian
Ocean. The Suez Canal was not artificially
manufactured until the 1860s. This man made
canal further connected Eastern Europe to Asia.
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Seeking India

• Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama finds India
• Acquires a large cargo ship of Spices that proves
  to be highly profitable
• Creates a vast empire and trade routes that are
  open to the world

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Other Explorers?

• Who is this guy?
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vraPLzhzxAeUsafety_
  modetruepersist_safety_mode1safeactive

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Christopher Columbus

• Main accomplishments of Columbus
• first European (except for the Vikings) to reach
  the Americas he motivated other explorers

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Treaty of Tordesillas

• Treaty of Tordesillas affected competition among
  European nations
• It intensified competition
• European nations felt they needed to claim land
  quickly before there was nothing left
• Line of Demarcation divided European and
  non-European countries into 2 zones controlled by
  Spain and Portugal

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Section 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa
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Effects of European ExplorationWhat effects did
European exploration have on the people of
Africa?Pgs. 90-93
European Footholds Slave Trade New African States
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Sec. 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa

• Europeans set up posts along Africas coast
• -bases to repair and resupply ships
• European Slave Tradeplantationslarge estates,
  Europeans bought large s of slaves to work for
  them.
• Expansion encourages Slave Trade
• African nations competed to dominate the slave
  trade
• African leaders resisted, but in the end were not
  successful.

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New African States

• Depended on slave trade and waged war on
  neighboring tribes in order to dominate the slave
  trade.
• Asante Kingdom
• Osei Tutu trading city of Kumasi
• Conquered neighboring kingdoms and unified
• Traded with Europeans exchanging gold and slaves
  for firearms
• Oyo empire
• Present day Nigeria
• Traded with Europeans and built an army to
  establish control.
• Traded at the port city of Porto-Novo
• MONOPOLY is the exclusive control of a business
  or industry.

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Cape Town

• Dutch immigrants built Cape Townthe first
  permanent European settlement
• Gave sailors a direct route to Asia
• Used to supply ships sailing to and from the East
  Indies
• Boers Dutch farmers who settled around Cape
  Townfelt Africans were inferior

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Section 3 European Footholds in South and
Southeast Asia
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How Did European Nations Build Empires in South
and Southeast Asia?Pgs. 95-98
Portugal Netherlands Spain Britain
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Portugal Builds an Eastern Empire

• Portugal first gained a foothold in Asia through
  Vasco da Gama.
• Portuguese ships had unmatched powerful cannons
  allowing them to gain control of the Indian Ocean
  and spice trade.
• Afonso de Albuquerque was able to gain favor with
  portions of Southern India.
• Goa major military and commercial base for
  Portugal off the coast of India.
• Port Malacca outpost in the East Indies.
• Outposts distant areas under Portuguese control.

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Portugals Legacy in the Area

• Was Portugal successful in making inroads into
  the region? Why?
• Mughal Empire

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Netherlands Dutch

• Dutch are able to establish STRONG presence in
  the region
• Strong Sea Power used military force
• Dutch East India Companyformed by wealthy Dutch
  merchants. Sovereign powersallowing them to
  build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties,
  and govern overseas territory.
• Set up to protect trade by the Dutch
• Captured Malaca from Portuguese
• Influence remained up to 1900s

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Spain Seizes the Philippines

• Foothold in the Philippines Filipinos were not
  united making it easier for Spain to gain
  control.
• Spanish shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru
  across the Pacific to the Philippines. They used
  the silver to buy goods in China. Large
  quantities of American silver flowed into the
  economies of East Asian nations.

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Mughal India and European Traders

• Mughals largest, richest, most powerful kingdom
  in Europe.
• Mughals allowed Dutch, Portuguese, French, and
  British traders to set up coastal ports,
  warehouses in Indian coastal towns.
• Religious conflict between Hindu and Muslim
  princes rekindled and civil war depleted
  resources.
• British and French established allegiances and
  organized companys of sepoys Indian troops.
• Power-Shift the infighting, corruption, and
  conflict lead to British and Frances power.
  Britain and France then begin engaging in
  conflict and competition.

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Section 4 Encounters in East Asia
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European Contact With Ming China

• Portugal reached China from their Malaccan base
  in 1514.
• Limitations on trade
• Chinas textiles and metalwork were superior to
  Europeans.
• Demanded payment in gold or silver.
• Allowed one solitary location to trade at Macao
  in present day Guangzhou.
• Dutch, English and other Europeans traded under
  the supervision of imperial officials.

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Matteo Ricci

• Jesuit priest born in Italy.
• Made a strong impression on the Chinese.
• Jesuits, and other priests had little success
  spreading their religious beliefs in China.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMav-rG-z3O4feature
  player_embedded

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The Manchu Conquest

• Manchus ruled a region in the northeast,
  Manchuria, that had been influenced by Chinese
  civilization.
• Manchu armies seized Beijing and made it their
  capital. (1644)
• Qing Dynasty adopted Confucian system of
  government.
• Shared government positions1 Qing, 1 Chinese
• Kangxi extended Chinese power in Central Asia and
  promoted Chinese culture.
• Qianlong (Kangxi grand-son) expanded Chinas
  borders to rule the largest are in their history.
  

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Manchu

• Spreading Peace and Prosperity
• Economy expanded
• Agriculture crops from Americas were
  successfully introduced.
• Ag-Boom led to increased population
• 140 Million 1740 to 300 Million 1800
• Rejecting Contact With Europeans
• Qianlong rejected trade from westerners (Ming).
  Lord Macartney (British) is an example of how not
  to interact. What happened?
• Analyze the decisions of Chinese trade.

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Korea The Hermit Kingdom

• Why was Korea known as the Hermit Kingdom
• Pg. 102

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Foreign Traders in Japan

• Portuguese, Dutch, Spanish, and British welcomed.
• Traded for firearms to aid in control of people
• Jesuits Francis Xavier spread Christianity
• Japanese questioned allegiance of Christians.
  Welcomed the printing press.
• Tokugawas expelled missionaries and killed
  thousands of Japanese Christians.
• Japan outlawed building large ships, and forbade
  travel.
• Nagasaki harbor permitted Dutch ships to trade
  to keep informed on worldly affairs. Why the
  Dutch?

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