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French Revolution

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Title: French Revolution


1
French Revolution
2
Strengthening the Crown
  • Cardinal Richelieu- advisor to French monarch
  • Goal strengthen the monarchy
  • Louis XIV inherited throne at 4 yrs. Old
  • Reign 1643-1715
  • Sun King, Most Christian King, divine right
  • Palace of Versailles
  • Revoke Edict of Nantes

3
Strengthening the Crown
  • Louis XIV
  • Appoints Jean Baptiste Colbert as economic
    advisor
  • Mercantilism need for empire
  • Increase empire more resources more wealth
  • Numerous wars debt

4
French Revolution
  • Economic problems
  • War debts
  • Poor taxation policies
  • Poor harvests
  • Lavish lifestyle of monarchy
  • 1789- Louis XVI summoned Estates General
  • governing body with members from each estate
  • Had not met in 175 years (absolutism)

5
French Revolution
  • Conflict between the estates at the meeting
  • June 17, 1789- Third Estate declares themselves
    the National Assembly
  • July 14, 1789- storming of Bastille
  • August, 1789- Declaration of Rights of Man

6
French Revolution
  • National Assembly governed France on behalf of
    the 3rd Estate from 1791-1792
  • 1791- new Constitution ratified
  • Created Constitutional Monarchy King retains
    executive power
  • Austrians and Prussians invade France to restore
    absolute monarchy
  • Marie Antionette was sister of Austrian Emperor
  • Unsuccessful

7
French Revolution
  • Continued unrest another new Constitution
  • Established the First French Republic
  • 1793 imprisonment of royal family and behead
    king and queen

8
French Revolution
  • Reign of Terror
  • Constitution once again thrown out
  • Committee of Public Safety created to facilitate
    the revolution
  • Led by Maximilien Robespierre and Jacobins
  • Thousands beheaded
  • Eventually, Robespierre too was beheaded
  • 1795 yet another government established, called
    the Directory

9
Rise of Napoleon
  • Directory created strong military
  • Napoleon Bonaparte popular military man
  • 24 at the time
  • 1799 overthrows Directory and declares himself
    First Consul

10
Napoleon
  • Popular ruler
  • Many domestic reforms
  • Napoleonic Codes (1804)- implemented some
    Enlightenment ideas and equality for men
  • Begins to build a French empire in Europe
  • Conquers Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, and
    parts of Italy
  • 1804- crowns himself emperor

11
Napoleon
  • 1810 empire at its height
  • 1812 attacks Russia mistake
  • Conquered areas use this as opportunity to defeat
    and overthrow Napoleon
  • Exiled
  • But, disagreements about how to restore order

12
Napoleon
  • 1813- Napoleon returns, tries to regain power
  • Defeated at Waterloo and permanently exiled to
    St. Helena, later dies there.
  • Other nations meet to restore balance of power

13
Congress of Vienna
  • 1815 Congress of Vienna
  • French territory return to pre-Napoleonic borders
  • Returned rulers of areas conquered by Napoleon
  • French monarchy restored, but with Constitutional
    limits

14
France.Continued
  • 1830 another republic created, lasts until
    Revolutions of 1848
  • 1852 Louis Napoleon established a second French
    empire
  • 1870 Louis-Napoleon overthrown and yet another
    republic created
  • How is all that for confusing????? This is just
    one example of how confusing European politics
    can be.
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