Musculoskeletal Injuries

1
Musculoskeletal Injuries
2
Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Definition
• Any injury that occurs to a skeletal muscle,
  tendon, ligament, joint, or a blood vessel that
  services skeletal muscle and any related tissues

3
Risks

• Sport participation
• Healthy and active lifestyle

4
Long term consequences

• majority of these injuries are resolved without
  significant long-term consequences

5
Short term consequences

• Decreased physical strength
• Nerve impulses slow
• Circulation and metabolic rates will slow
• Bone mineral density decreases
• Collagen level decreases in the connective
  tissues
• Reduced cardiorespiratory function
• Reduced glycogen storage

6
Common causes of musculoskeletal injury

• Single traumatic event
• Physical overloads
• Overtraining
• repetitive use

7
Frequency of injury occurrence

• Age
• Most occur in individuals 15-25 years of age
• Male vs Female
• Frequency of the different types of
  musculoskeletal injuries is relatively equal
• Different types of specific injuries occurred
  more frequently due to the physiological
  differences between men and women

8
Frequency of injury occurrence

• 25 of all athletes will expect to sustain a
  musculoskeletal injury in a 12-month period
• Higher level athletes have an increased risk for
  injury d/t greater physical stresses and risks.

9
Frequency of injury occurrence

• 25 foot and ankle
• 22 Knee injuries
• 11 Back injuries
• Injuries to the lower leg, thigh, hip, shoulders,
  and the hand/forearm structure each occur at
  frequencies of between 5 and 10

10
Injuries to the Musculoskeletal System

• Injuries to the musculoskeletal system can be
  classified according to the body structures that
  are damaged. Some injuries may involve more than
  one structure.

11
4 Basic types of musculoskeletal injuries

• Fractures
• Dislocation
• Sprain
• Strain

12
Common Signals of Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Signals of serious injury
• Deformity
• Moderate or severe pain or discomfort, swelling
  and discoloration
• Inability to move or use the affected body part
• Bone fragments protruding from a wound
• Victim feels bones grating or felt or heard a
  snap or pop at time of injury
• Loss of circulation or sensation in an extremity
• Tingling, cold or bluish color below the site of
  the injury
• Cause of the injury that suggests the injury may
  be severe

13
Fracture

• a medical condition in which there is a break in
  the continuity of the bone
• occur when bone cannot withstand outside forces
• can occur because of direct blows, twisting
  injuries, or falls

14
Dislocation

• a separation of two bones where they meet at a
  joint.
• dislocated bone is no longer in its normal
  position.
• dislocation may also cause ligament or nerve
  damage.

15
Dislocation

• Causes
• usually caused by a sudden impact to the joint.
• usually occurs following a blow, fall, or other
  trauma.

16
Dislocation

• Symptoms
• Visibly out of place, discolored, or misshapen
• Limited in movement
• Swollen or bruised
• Intensely painful, especially if you try to use
  the joint or bear weight on it

17
Sprain

• an injury to ligaments

18
Sprain

• caused by a ligament being stretched too far

19
Strain

• injury to a muscle or tendon
• can either be a stretching or tear of the muscle
  or tendon

20
Strain

• Causes
• pulling too far on a muscle,
• pulling a muscle in one direction while it is
  contracting (called an 'eccentric contraction')
  in the other direction
• caused by chronic activities that develop an
  overstretching of the muscle fibers.

21
Sprain / Strain

• Symptoms
• pain
• swelling
• Bruising
• loss of the ability to move and use the joint
• instability

22
Sprain / Strain Assessment

• Grades
• commonly graded according to the extent of the
  injury.
• Grade I and Grade II
• usually be treated conservatively with treatments
  such as icing and physical therapy.
• Grade III
• can place individuals at higher risk for
  permanent instability, and an operation may be a
  necessary part of treatment.

23
Sprain / Strain Assessment
24
Care for Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Check first for any life-threatening conditions.
• Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if
• The injury involves the head, neck or back.
• The injury impairs walking or breathing.
• You see or suspect a fracture or dislocation.
• You see or suspect multiple musculoskeletal
  injuries.
• Check for any non-life threatening conditions and
  care for any other injuries.

25
General Care

• The general care for musculoskeletal injuries
  includes following RICE
• Rest
• Immobilize
• Cold
• Elevate
• If you are unsure whether the injury is serious,
  care for it as if it is a serious injury.
• Take steps to minimize shock.
• Comfort and reassure the victim.