Energy in the Earth System

1
Energy in the Earth System

• Chapter 2 Sections 2-3

2
Earth-System Science

• System a set of particles or interacting
  components considered to be a distinct physical
  entity for the purpose of study.

3
Earth-System Science

• Closed System is a system in which energy, but
  not matter is exchanged with the surroundings.
• Open System is a system in which both energy and
  matter is exchanged with the surroundings.

4
Earths Four Spheres

• 1. Atmosphere
• 2. Hydrosphere
• 3. Geosphere
• 4. Biosphere

5
Atmosphere

• Atmosphere a mixture of gases that surrounds a
  planet or moon

6
Hydrosphere

• Hydrosphere the portion of the Earth that is
  water.

7
Geosphere

• Geosphere the mostly solid, rocky part of the
  Earth extends from the center of the core to the
  surface of the crust. (Lithosphere)

8
Biosphere

• Biosphere the part of Earth where life exists
  includes all of the living organisms on Earth

9
Earths Energy Budget

• The transfers of energy between Earths spheres
  are a part of an energy budget, in which
  additions in energy are balanced by subtractions.
• Matter and energy are constantly being exchanged
  and this occurs by chemical reactions,
  radioactive decay, radiation of energy, and
  growth and decay of organisms.

10
Cycles in the Earth System

• 1. Nitrogen Cycle
• 2. Carbon Cycle
• 3. Phosphorous Cycle
• 4. Water Cycle

11
Cycles in the Earth System

• Cycle is a group of processes in which matter
  and energy repeatedly move through a series of
  reservoirs.
• Reservoir a place where matter or energy is
  stored.

12
The Nitrogen Cycle

• The Nitrogen Cycle is the process where nitrogen
  moves from air to soil, from soil to plants and
  animals, and back to air again.

13
The Nitrogen Cycle

• Organisms need nitrogen to build proteins which
  are used to build cells. Nitrogen gas makes up
  78 of the atmosphere but cant be used by
  organisms unless its fixed by nitrogen fixing
  bacteria.

14
The Carbon Cycle (Short Cycle)

• The Carbon Cycle is the process where plants
  convert CO2 from the atmosphere into
  carbohydrates (glucose), then organisms eat the
  plants obtain carbon from carbohydrates and
  release some of the carbon back into the air
  through their organic wastes and decay of their
  remains.

15
The Carbon Cycle (Long Cycle)

• The Long-Term Carbon Cycle is the process occurs
  over a very long time and carbon is stored in the
  geosphere in buried plant or animal remains in a
  type of rock called carbonate.

16
The Phosphorous Cycle

• The Phosphorous Cycle is the process where
  phosphorous moves through every sphere except the
  atmosphere. Phosphorous enters soil water when
  rock breaks down, phosphorous is also excreted
  out of organisms as waste which enters the soil
  and plants absorb this through their roots. Then
  organisms eat plants and get phosphorus.

17
The Water Cycle

• The Water Cycle is the movement of water from
  the atmosphere to Earths surface and back to the
  atmosphere is always taking place.

18
The Phosphorous Cycle
19
Ecology

• Ecology is the study of the complex
  relationships between living things and their
  nonliving environment.
• Ecosystem a community of organisms and their
  abiotic environment.

20
Ecosystems Need All 3

• Producers organisms that make their own food.
• Consumers organisms that get their energy by
  eating producers or by eating other consumers.
• Decomposers consumers that get energy by
  breaking down dead organisms.

21
Balancing Forces in Ecosystems

• Carrying Capacity the largest population that an
  environment can support at any given time
• Carrying capacity depends on available resources
  and the amount of matter and energy.

22
Food Chains and Food Webs

• Food Chain the sequence in which organisms
  consume other organisms.
• Food Web a diagram that shows the feeding
  relationships among organisms in an ecosystem,
  demonstrating relationships between multiple food
  chains.

23
Food Web Activity

• Name 1 complete food chain in this food web.
• Name 2 producers, 2 consumers, and 1 decomposer
  from this food web.