India, China and Japan: From the Medieval to the Modern World

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India, China and JapanFrom the Medieval to the
Modern World
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The Mughal Empire

• Babur (1483-1530), Akbar (1542-1605)
• India as center of civilization
• Religious freedom (Islam, Hindu)
• Urdu language
• Artistic blend of Hindu, Persian, and Islamic
  elements

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Mughal Art

• Visual Arts
• Book illustrations, miniatures
• Secular
• Realistic scenes from courtly life
• Persian influences
• calligraphy

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Akbar and the Elephant from The History of Akbar
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The End of Mughal Rule and the Arrival of the
British

• British East India Trading Company
• India as Jewel in the Crown of Britain
• Controlled by British government by 1849

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The Rise of Nationalism

• Indias National Congress Party
• Activism for self-rule
• Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)
• Satyagraha non-violent civil disobedience

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Chinese Culture Under Imperial Rule

• Centralized government (1368-1911)
• Relatively untouched by Western influence until
  the 17th century
• Incredible population growth
• Poverty, political unrest, and, ultimately,
  revolution

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The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty

• Political, economic stability
• Cultural enrichment
• Confucianism
• New literary genres
• Hua-Pen
• Novels
• Stage plays

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The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty

• Landscape paintings
• Human form in natural setting
• Artistic attitudes
• change within tradition
• No distinctions between major art forms
• Painted ceramicware called China

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15th century Ming Dynasty painting
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A Ming Vase
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The Qing DynastyChina and the Western Powers

• Western Trade and Chinese Independence
• Opium War (1839-1842)
• Internal rebellions weakened government
• Tai Ping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion
• Republican Revolution
• Sun Yat-sen
• Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Tse-tung

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The Art and Culture of Japan

• Shintoism
• Worship of the spirits of nature
• Imperial cult worship of emperor and his
  ancestors as divine
• Drama
• Noh plays in which dancers enact dramatic, often
  supernatural stories stories with ritual and even
  slapstick

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The Art and Culture of JapanThe Edo Period

• Japanese versions of landscapes
• Gentler colors, heightened abstraction
• Influence of Western art
• Peacocks and Peonies (1176)
• Woodblock art
• Hokusai Katsushika (1760-1849)

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A study in the balance of opposites image and
empty space. The empty space mirrors the wave
water and sky are balanced, as in the Chinese
yin/yang symbol below
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The Art and Culture of JapanThe Edo Period

• Bashos Haiku
• Zen Buddhist reflections
• Crucial detail of landscapes
• Composed of three lines of five syllables, seven
  syllables, and five syllables

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Humanities 1500 A Haiku

• Powerpoint beaming
• eastern cultures bright display
• while students write notes