Aging This slide show will help answer Chapter 16 questions.

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AgingThis slide show will help answer Chapter 16
questions.
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The Stages of Life

• Infancy Birth-18 months
• Toddlerhood 2-4
• School Age 5-12
• Adolescence 13-20
• Young Adulthood 21-35
• Middle Adulthood 35-65
• Older Adulthood 65 and older

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Click on the following links to take a look at
each of the theorists stages of life Erik
Erikson's Psychosocial Development
Theoryhttp//www.businessballs.com/erik_erikson_p
sychosocial_theory.htmerikson_psychosocial_theory
_summary

• Sigmund Freuds Psychosexual Stages
• http//www.businessballs.com/erik_erikson_psychoso
  cial_theory.htmfreud27s_psychosexual_stages

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Young Adulthood (21-35)

• physical changes slow down and many people enter
  a period of peak health
• begin to get a clearer sense of identity and
  relate to their parents on a more adult level.
• learn to value commitment in relationshipsmay
  choose to marry and have a family
• become financially independentscary and
  fulfilling!
• should develop healthy lifestyles to prevent
  health problems later in life

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Identify the leading cause of death in young
adults.List 2 actions they can take to reduce
the risk of dying during this period.

• 1 Cause UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
• 2 Cause HOMICIDE
• To Reduce the risk of dying, focus on
  controllable risk factors, such as
• - Alcohol use/abuse
• - Drug use/abuse
• - Drinking Driving
• -Engaging in high risk activities (daredevil
  stunts)
• Causes of death for people over age 65
• 1 Heart Disease
• 2 Cancer

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Middle Adulthood

• Ages 35 to 65
• muscle tone and strength may diminish but can be
  maintained with regular exercise
• may have a strong sense of identity and be
  leaders at work and in their families
• Increased responsibilities can cause stress-If
  they dont learn to cope with this stress, it can
  lead to health problems.
• must watch their diets and exercise to avoid
  health risks such as cancer and heart disease
• Menopause the period of time when a woman stops
  ovulating and menstruating-Typically age 50-55
• begin to accept mortality as they see friends and
  loved ones die
• A midlife crisis the sense of uncertainty about
  ones identity that some people experience in
  midlife. Middle-aged adults may get

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Older Adulthood

• People over 65
• may not recover from illness as quickly as when
  they were younger
• generally more emotionally stable than when
  younger, but they may also struggle with
  depression, anxiety, and loneliness
• Why???
• social and financial lives change significantly
  after they retire
• Alzheimers disease one gradually loses mental
  capacity and the ability to carry out daily
  activities

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HBO The Alzheimers Projecthttp//www.hbo.com/al
zheimers/
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Myths and Facts Opinion Survey (Agree or
Disagree)_________ Old people are always
sick._________ Most people over 65 are
institutionalized._________People over 65 do not
have any sexual desires._________ Most people
over 65 retain their normal mental
abilities._________ Mental illness is common
among people over 65. _________The majority of
people over 65 can work as effectively as younger
workers.________ The majority of people over 65
are socially isolated.________ Major depression
occurs more frequently for teenagers than
forpeople over 65. ________ Businesses often do
not hire people over 65 because of their age.
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Ageism

• Ageism a form of discrimination that relegates
  people to an inferior or limited position simply
  because of age
• -Have you ever experienced or known anyone who
  experienced prejudice or discrimination based on
  age?

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Stereotypes and Ageism

• When you hear, see or think the word teenagers,
  what other words come to mind?
• What do you notice about attitudes toward young
  people?
• In what situations have you felt people prejudge
  you because of your age?
• How have negative attitudes affected how you feel
  or what you do?
• How have positive attitudes about young people
  helped you?

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Stereotypes and Ageism

• When you hear, see or think the word old, what
  other words come to mind?
• How do you perceive your grandparents?
• Do they fit the stereotypes?
• How do your grandparents perceive you?

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Life Changes - Similarities Between Young and Old
Category Teenagers/Young Adults Older
Adults Transportation -Getting permission to
drive -Told they should not drive Higher
insurance rates Higher insurance rates Work -Told
they are too young, -Told they are too old, too
too inexperienced experienced, unfamiliar with
new technology Companionship -Single dating
issues -Single (widowed) dating issues Income
-Low-paying jobs -No income from earnings Sex
-Told they are too young -Told they are too
old Drugs -Use of recreational drugs -Misuse of
prescription or over the counter drugs Housing
-Moving away from home -Moving to smaller
place -Have to live with parents for -Have to
live with adult children economic reasons for
economic and health reasons Friends -Friends
moving away -Friends moving away or
dying Dependency -Parents tell them what to do
-Adult children tell them what to do Aging
-Physical changes related to age -Physical
changes related to age Emotions -Occasional
depression, feelings of -Occasional depression,
feelings of hopelessness, sometimes leading to
hopelessness, sometimes leading to suicide
suicide Time Try to find meaningful ways to use
Try to find meaningful ways to use time during
school years time during retirement
years ___________________ From Couper, D. and
Pratt, F., Learning for Longer Life, National
Academy for Teaching and Learning about Aging,
1999.
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Aging Changes

• Social
• Emotional
• Mental
• Spiritual
• Physical

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Aging ChangesPHYSICAL

• Vision
• Hearing
• Touch
• Strength/Dexterity
• Taste
• Smell
• Balance

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Changes in Vision

• Farsightedness
• Night blindness
• Color vision
• Cataracts
• Blindness glaucoma, arteriosclerosis,
  hypertension, diabetes

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Changes in Hearing

• Auditory nerve damage
• Changes in structure of the ear
• Deterioration of the brain
• Decreased ability to hear intensity or volume of
  sound
• Decreased ability to discriminate between similar
  words

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Changes in Dexterity, Agility, Balance

• Lean body mass declines
• As a young adult, 43 of the body weight is
  muscle By age 70, lean body mass declines to
  about 25
• Increase in fat cells
• Increase to about 1/3 of body weight by at 70
• Decreased endurance and reaction time
• Dizziness may occur (vertigo)
• Stiffening of joints
• Poor posture

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Changes in Touch

• Reduced tactile sensation (Touch messages dont
  get sent to the brain)
• Cant tie shoes
• Cant respond to heat
• Cant feel a bruise
• Reasons for loss of touch sensation
• Parkinsons
• Cardiovascular incidents
• Lack of blood flow to swelling
• Arthritis
• Limited use of extremities due to sedentary
  lifestyle or bedridden

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State three ways that you can help an older adult
to lead a healthier life.

• Visit
• Sit and listen. Ask what they would do in certain
  situations. Ask advice and opinions.
• Offer to do household chores
• Theyll love having you around while you get work
  done that perhaps they cant do
• Bring Food
• Bake cookies and deliver them personally. Ask if
  they need groceries and offer to get them
• Walk with them
• If they are able walk outside on a nice day.
  Keeping them moving and in the fresh air is good
  for their health

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Define life expectancy.

• The average length of time an individual is
  expected to live
• Average life expectancy in U.S. (2007) 77.9 yrs
• Rates for the top three leading causesheart
  disease, cancer, and strokecontinued a long-term
  decreasing trend. Significant increases occurred
  for suicide and chronic liver disease and
  cirrhosis.
• cdc.gov

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Identify four habits you can begin today to
improve your quality of life in 10 years.

• Establish regular exercise patterns
• Dont Smoke (heart disease, cancer)
• Dont Drink (accidents, alcoholism, liver
  disease)
• Maintain a healthy weight (diabetes)
• Lower salt intake

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National GeographicHot Spots of Longevity

• Watch the National Geographic video

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Longevity Calculator