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Title: The fifth force and constraints on its constants V. M. MOSTEPANENKO


1
The fifth force and constraints on its
constantsV. M. MOSTEPANENKO
V. M. MOSTEPANENKO
V. M. MOSTEPANENKO
Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo
of the Russian Academy of Sciences

2
CONTENT
  • Introduction
  • 2. Constraints on constants of power-type
    potentials
  • 3. Constraints on constants of Yukawa-type
    potentials
  • 3.1 Experiments of Eotvos-type
  • 3.2 Experiments of Cavendish-type
  • 3.3 Measurements of the Casimir force
  • 3.4 Atomic and neutron physics
  • 4. Constraints on constants of spin-dependent
    potentials
  • 5. Conclusions and discussion

3
1. INTRODUCTION

Yukawa-type corrections to Newtons law
Power-type corrections to Newtons law
4
Yukawa-type potentials originate from 1)
Exchange of light elementary particles, such
as
--- scalar axion ---
graviphoton --- dilaton
--- goldstino
--- moduli.

These particles may contribute to the dark
matter.
5
2) Extra-dimensional theories with low-energy
compactification scale

cm
Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, Dvali, Phys. Rev. D,
1999
6
Power-type potentials originate from 1)
Exchange of massless elementary particles
such as arion 2) Extra-dimensional models with
noncompact but warped extra dimensions
Randall and Sundrum, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999
7
2. CONSTRAINTS ON CONSTANTS OF
POWER-TYPE POTENTIALS

8
3. CONSTRAINTS ON CONSTANTS OF
YUKAWA-TYPE POTENTIALS
The Yukawa-type force between two macrobodies
9
3.1 Experiments of Eotvos-type
?) torsion pendulum PU64 --- ????????,
1964 MSU72 --- ???, 1971, 1972 EW94
--- ????????? 1994 EW99 --- ?????????,
1999 EW08 --- ?????????, 2008 ?) LLR04
--- Lunar Laser Ranging, 2004.
Gundlach et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2009
10
3.2 Experiments of Cavendish-type
A) LAGEOS --- 2003 (Laser Geodynamic
Satellite)?
?) LLR--- Lunar Laser Ranging, 2004.
Adelberger et al., Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys., 2009
11
(Laser Geodynamic Satellites
Lucchesi, Peron, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010)?
(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
Haranas, Ragos, Astrophys. Space Sci., 2011)?
12
Eot-Wash ---2004 Irvine --- 2007 Wuhan ---
1980 Colorado --- 1985 Stanford --- 2003
Adelberger et al., Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys., 2009
13
Yang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012
14
3.3 Measurements of the Casimir force
Measured quantities are the Casimir force or its
gradient
Obtaining constraints on Yukawa forces
15

The strongest constraints on constants of
Yukawa-type corrections to Newton's
gravitational law obtained from measurement of
the Casimir force using an atomic force
microscope (red line), from measurement of the
Casimir pressure by means of micromachined
oscillator (green line), from the Casimir-less
experiment (blue line), from the torsion
pendulum experiment of 1997 (grey line) and from
the torsion balance experiment 2009 (black line).
16
Constraints on constants of Yukawa-type
interaction which are obtained from the
experiments performed by means of a
micromechanical torsional oscillator with
a corrugated Si plate (pink line) and with a
flat Au-coated plate (green line), from the
Casimir-less experiment (blue line), and from
the experiments using a torsion pendulum (grey
and black lines).
Bezerra, Klimchitskaya, Mostepanenko, Romero,
Phys. Rev. D, 2011
17
Constraints on constants of Yukawa-type
interaction from measurements of the lateral
Casimir force between corrugated surfaces (red
line), from measurements of the normal Casimir
force by means of an atomic force microscope
(red dashed line), and a micromachined
oscillator (green line).
Bezerra, Klimchitskaya, Mostepanenko, Romero,
Phys. Rev. D, 2010
18
Constraints obtained from measurements of the
Casimir force gradient using the dynamic AFM with
the Au-Au (solid line), Au-Ni (dashed line)
and Ni-Ni (dotted line) sphere and plate.
Banishev, Klimchitskaya, Mostepanenko, Mohideen,
Phys. Rev. B, 2012 Phys. Rev. B, 2013 Phys.
Rev. Lett., 2013 Klimchitskaya, Mohideen,
Mostepanenko, Phys. Rev. D, 2012 Phys. Rev. D,
2013
19
Constraints are obtained from measuring the
Casimir force between corrugated surfaces of a
sphere and a plate (solid line), lateral Casimir
force (dashed line 1) and effective Casimir
pressure between Au-coated test bodies (dashed
line 2).
Banishev, Wagner, Emig, Zandi, Mohideen, Phys.
Rev. Lett., 2013 Klimchitskaya, Mohideen,
Mostepanenko, Phys. Rev. D, 2013
20
3.4 Atomic and neutron physics
The best constraints on the Yukawa-type
potentials with the interaction range
Antoniadis et al., Compt. Rend. Phys.,
2011 Karshenboim, Phys. Rev. D, 2010 Phys. Rev.
Lett., 2010
21
Constraints on constants of Yukawa-type
interactions are obtained from - gravitational
experiments (lines 1, 2 ) - measurements of the
Casimir force (lines 3, 4, 12, 13, 14) - neutron
physics (lines 5, 6, 7) - exotic atoms (line
8) - search for solar bosons of low mass (line
15).
Lines 9, 10, 11 --- expected strengthening of
constraints from different experiments with
neutrons.
Antoniadis et al., Compt. Rend. Phys., 2011
22
4. CONSTRAINTS ON CONSTANTS OF
SPIN-DEPENDENT POTENTIALS
Exchange by an axion between a polarized and an
unpolarized fermions
Exchange by a vector boson between two polarized
fermions
Dobrescu, Mocioiu, JHEP, 2006
23
Constraints on constants of spin-dependent
Yukawa-type corrections to Newton's law are
obtained when investigating the following
interactions -polarized electron beam near
an unpolarized torsion pendulum (line 1) -
rotation of a magnetized metal plate near 3
unpolarized test masses (line 2) -
magnetization of a paramagnetic salt under the
rotation of a nonmagnetic copper body around it
(line 3).
Antoniadis et al., Compt. Rend. Phys., 2011
24
The globe as a soarce of polarized electrons
Hunter, Gordon, Peck, Ang, Lin, Science, 2013
25
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. The Newton law of gravitation is still not
verified experimentally with sufficient
precision at short separations, where both the
Yukawa- and power-type corrections to it are
allowed which exceed Newtonian gravity by
many orders of magnitude. 2. Many different
phenomena in the fields of gravitation, Casimir
effect, neutron physics and atomic spectroscopy
give the possibility to obtain the stronger
constraints. 3. Experiments on measuring the
Casimir force lead to stronger constraints
on the Yukawa-type corrections to Newton's law
in the interaction range below a few
micrometers where the gravitational
experiments do not work. 4. From precise
measurements of the lateral Casimir force the
previously known constraints were strengthened
up to a factor of twenty four millions. 5.
In near future further strengthening of
constraints on both spin-independent and
spin-dependent corrections is expected.
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