Modern Middle East Notes

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Modern Middle East Notes

• MR. HARDY
• RMS IB Middle School
• 2013-2014

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Aim What events led to the ongoing conflict
between Jews Muslims?Do Now How would your
life be different if you lived in a place that
suffered from weekly terrorist attacks?
HW Come up with a realistic peace plan for the
Arab-Israeli Conflict.
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Sources of Modern Middle East Conflict

• Religious Differences
• Different religions
• Sunnis (leader is a member of the Muslim
  community) vs. Shias (Direct descendant of
  Muhammad)
• Ethnic Groups
• Persians (Iran) vs. Arabs (Iraq)
• Nationalism
• Some ethnic groups wish for an independent nation
  instead of a multi-ethnic one
• Kurds- mountain people from Armenia, Georgia,
  Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey (Multiple
  violent struggles for independence)
• Fundamentalism
• Belief in following your religion directly, as
  outline by holy text
• Theocratic Government- religion based
• Example- 1979, Shiite leader Khomeini took over
  Iran, ended all westernization and instilled
  fundamentalist beliefs over the government and
  country

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BRITAIN THE BALFOUR DECLARATION

• During WWI the British wanted the U.S. to join
  the war on their side. They thought if they
  supported the concept of Zionism, a Jewish
  homeland in Palestine, that influential Jewish
  Americans might persuade the U.S. to join the war
  on the Allied side.
• The Balfour Declaration of 1917 affirmed the
  British Governments belief that Zionism should
  be supported.
• Palestine was controlled by the British, after
  the defeat of the Ottoman Turks in WWI. They
  officially took control of Palestine in 1922.
• Controlled by Great Britain, following WWII,
  Jewish refugees fled Europe for safety, many
  immigrated to Palestine

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20th Century Modern East History

• Palestine- Arab region lived on by Jewish people
  for over 2000 years
• 1945 Jewish terrorist organizations began to kill
  British soldiers in Palestine.
• 1946 the Zionist terrorist organization, Irgun,
  bombed the King David Hotel in Jerusalem,
  headquarters of the British military in
  Palestine, killing 91 people.
• 1947- United Nations involved to end disagreement
  with traditional Arab population and recent
  Jewish immigrants
• The U.N. divides Palestine in to two parts
• Part 1 Arab
• Part 2 Jewish
• 1948- Israel becomes independent state for Jewish
  people
• ArabIsraeli Wars
• Arab nations, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi
  Arabia Syria declare war on Israel.
• They did not agree with the creation of the
  Jewish state
• Israel wins the first of multiple wars (1948,
  1967, and 1973)

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I. Reason for conflict A. Palestinians Arabs
who had lived in the area of Israel for 2000
years forced to move B. Palestinians that
remained forced to live in camps to make room for
Jews C. Jerusalem is holy land to 3 major
faiths D. Jews and Muslims each want to control
Jerusalem
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Arab- Israeli Wars

• Over 700,000 Palestinian Arab refugees fled to
  other countries during the wars
• Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)- goal
  est. an independent Palestinian State
• Throughout wars, constant shifts of territory
  between Israelis and Palestinians
• Peace Attempts
• 1979- Egypt makes peace with Israel
• 1993- Palestinian and Israel peace agreement
  signed
• PLO recognizes Israel as a state
• Israel gave territory to the Palestinians

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II. Effects of creation of Israel A.
Palestinians became refugees in other countries
throughout the middle east.
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Map of Palestinian Refugees

• According to the map, what was one result of the
  creation of Israel?

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B. Terrorism is a constant threat in Israel
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C. Israel Puts up a wall around Palestinian areas
to prevent terrorist from moving into Israeli
areas
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Iran- Iraq War

• OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting
  Countries
• Made up of Arabian Peninsula countries who wished
  to control the global economy of oil prices and
  shipment, 1960
• Long lasting dispute over who controlled oil rich
  territory
• Revolution in Iran- People upset with the Shah
  (king)
• Looked to new leader- Khomeini (religious leader)
• Shah overthrown
• Changed to Islamic Conservative Laws
• 1980- Iraq invaded Iran (Led by Saddam Hussein)
• 8 year war
• Over 1 million people died
• 1988- cease fire agreement signed (written by the
  United Nations)
• No clear winner

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Persian Gulf War

• 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait for the oil supply
• Saddam Hussein (Iraqs leader) led the invasion
• United Nations- trade embargo to stop Iraq from
  profiting
• January 16th, 1991- multi- nation missile attack
  began on Iraq
• US military titled the operation Desert Storm
  to help Kuwait
• February 24th- Ground attack begins
• Lasted 100 hours
• Iraq surrendered
• Saddams forces left Kuwait
• Both Iraq and Kuwait suffered much destruction
  from the attacks

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Do in Class

• Construct a realistic peace plan for the
  Arab-Israeli conflict. Do it in a numerical
  format, Article 1, Article 2, Article 3, etc.
  Come up with at least five issues you need to
  address.

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Homework

• In your notebook,
• Describe the similarities and differences between
  Islam, Judaism and Christianity.
• What are some reasons that make it so difficult
  for these religions to get along?
• Complete the worksheet, The Arab-Israeli
  Conflict.