Electron Configurations

1
Electron Configurations
2
Electrons in an atom
3
Electrons in an atom

• Energy level - the ring of electrons an electron
  is found in.

4
Electrons in an atom

• Energy level - the ring of electrons an electron
  is found in.
• Sublevel the specific shaped cloud that the
  electron is found in.

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1st Energy Level
The first energy level contains just one
sublevel. It is an s-sublevel.
6
2nd Energy Level
The 2nd energy level has two sublevels, an s and
a p-shaped sublevel.
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3rd Energy Level

• The 3rd energy level contains 3 sublevels.

8
3rd Energy Level

• The 3rd energy level contains 3 sublevels.
• s, p, and d (the shape of the d-sublevel is more
  complicated)

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Energy Levels 4-7

• The 4th-7th energy levels contains 4 sublevels
  each.

10
Energy Levels 4-7

• The 4th-7th energy levels contains 4 sublevels
  each.
• s, p, d, and f (the shape of the f-sublevel is
  also very complicated)

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Electrons in an atom

• Energy level - the ring of electrons an electron
  is found in.
• Sublevel the specific shaped cloud that the
  electron is found in.
• Orbital - a region of the sublevel that can be
  occupied by no more than 2 electrons.

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Orbitals

• An s sublevel has just one orbital.

13
Orbitals

• An s sublevel has just one orbital.
• A maximum of 2 electrons can be found in an s
  sublevel.

14

• A p sublevel consists of 3 orbitals that are
  perpendicular to one another.

15

• A p sublevel consists of 3 orbitals that are
  perpendicular to one another.
• With 3 orbitals, a p sublevel can hold a
  maximum of 6 electrons.

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• A d sublevel contains a total of 5 orbitals.

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• A d sublevel contains a total of 5 orbitals.
• The maximum number of electrons in a d sublevel
  is 10.

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• An f sublevel contains a total of 7 orbitals.

19

• An f sublevel contains a total of 7 orbitals.
• The maximum number of electrons in a f sublevel
  is 14.

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Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s
2
3
4
5
6
7
21
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
22
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p
3
4
5
6
7
23
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3
4
5
6
7
24
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3 3s,3p,3d
4
5
6
7
25
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3 3s,3p,3d 18
4
5
6
7
26
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3 3s,3p,3d 18
4 4s,4p,4d,4f
5
6
7
27
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3 3s,3p,3d 18
4 4s,4p,4d,4f 32
5
6
7
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Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3 3s,3p,3d 18
4 4s,4p,4d,4f 32
5 5s,5p,5d,5f
6
7
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Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3 3s,3p,3d 18
4 4s,4p,4d,4f 32
5 5s,5p,5d,5f 32
6
7
30
Summary of electron clouds
Energy Level Sublevels Present Maximum of electrons
1 1s 2
2 2s,2p 8
3 3s,3p,3d 18
4 4s,4p,4d,4f 32
5 5s,5p,5d,5f 32
6 6s,6p,6d,6f 32
7 7s,7p,7d,7f 32
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Diagonal Rule

• The diagonal rule allows you to determine the
  order in which sublevels will be filled with
  electrons.

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Diagonal Rule

• The diagonal rule allows you to determine the
  order in which sublevels will be filled with
  electrons.
• Begin by writing out all of the possible
  sublevels in 4 columns, one for each letter.

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Diagonal Rule

• The diagonal rule allows you to determine the
  order in which sublevels will be filled with
  electrons.
• Begin by writing out all of the possible
  sublevels in 4 columns, one for each letter.
• Starting at the top, draw parallel diagonal lines
  so that each sublevel is crossed.

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Electron configuration for Titanium

• Titanium (22 electrons)

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Electron configuration for Titanium

• Titanium (22 electrons)
• Start filling the sublevels in the order that the
  arrows indicate.

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Electron configuration for Titanium

• Titanium (22 electrons)
• Start filling the sublevels in the order that the
  arrows indicate.

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Electron configuration for Titanium

• Titanium (22 electrons)
• Start filling the sublevels in the order that the
  arrows indicate.

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Electron configuration for Titanium

• Titanium (22 electrons)
• Start filling the sublevels in the order that the
  arrows indicate.

41
Electron configuration for Titanium

• Titanium (22 electrons)
• Start filling the sublevels in the order that the
  arrows indicate.

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• Continue until all 22 electrons are accounted for.

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• Continue until all 22 electrons are accounted
  for.
• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2

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• Continue until all 22 electrons are accounted
  for.
• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
• Even though the d sublevel can hold 10 electrons,
  we only had 2 electrons left.

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• Continue until all 22 electrons are accounted
  for.
• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
• Even though the d sublevel can hold 10 electrons,
  we only had 2 electrons left.
• Being in period 4, the 4th energy level is the
  valence level for titanium.

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• Continue until all 22 electrons are accounted
  for.
• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
• Even though the d sublevel can hold 10 electrons,
  we only had 2 electrons left.
• Being in period 4, the 4th energy level is the
  valence level for titanium.
• The two electrons in the 4s sublevel are valence
  electrons.

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Checking for accuracy

• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2

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Checking for accuracy

• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
• The d in the last term means we should find
  titanium in the d-block of the periodic table
  (groups 3-12).

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Checking for accuracy

• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
• The d in the last term means we should find
  titanium in the d-block of the periodic table
  (groups 3-12).
• The exponent 2 indicates that it should be in the
  2nd column of the d-block (group 4).

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Checking for accuracy

• 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
• The d in the last term means we should find
  titanium in the d-block of the periodic table
  (groups 3-12).
• The exponent 2 indicates that it should be in the
  2nd column of the d-block (group 4).
• The energy level (3) indicates the period number
  for the element if it is in the s or p block.
  The d block is always one period behind and the f
  block is 2 behind. Titanium should be in period
  4.