The impact of grid computing on UK research

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The impact of grid computing on UK research

• R Perrott
• Queens University
• Belfast

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The Grid The Web on Steroids
Grid Flexible, high-perf access to all
significant resources
On-demand creation of powerful virtual computing
systems
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Why Now?

• The Internet as infrastructure
• Increasing bandwidth, advanced services
• Advances in storage capacity
• Terabyte for lt 15,000
• Increased availability of compute resources
• Clusters, supercomputers, etc.
• Advances in application concepts
• Simulation-based design, advanced scientific
  instruments, collaborative engineering, ...

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Grids

• computational grid
• provides the raw computing power, high speed
  bandwidth interconnection and associate data
  storage
• information grid
• allows easily accessible connections to major
  sources of information and tools for its analysis
  and visualisation
• knowledge grid
• gives added value to the information and also
  provides intelligent guidance for decision-makers

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Grid Architecture
Data to Knowledge
Knowledge Grid
Information Grid
Computation Data Grid
Communications
Control
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Application Users
Software Suppliers
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UK Research Councils Approx..
funding for 2000/01 (M)

• Biotechnology and Biological Sciences 200Researc
  h Council (BBSRC)
• Engineering and Physical Sciences 400Research
  Council (EPSRC)
• Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) 70
• Medical Research Council (MRC) 350
• Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) 225
• Particle Physics and Astronomy 200Research
  Council (PPARC)
• Council for the Central Laboratory of
  the 100Research Councils

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UK Grid Development Plan

1. Network of Grid Core Programme e-Science Centres
2. Development of Generic Grid Middleware
3. Grid Grand Challenge Project
4. Support for e-Science Projects
5. International Involvement
6. Grid Network Team

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1. Grid Core Programme Centres

• National e-Science Centre to achieve
  international visibility
• National Centre will host international e-Science
  seminars similar to Newton Institute
• Funding 8 Regional e-Science Centres to form
  coherent UK Grid
• DTI funding requires matching industrial
  involvement
• Good overlap with Particle Physics and AstroGrid
  Centres

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Edinburgh
Glasgow
Newcastle
DL
Belfast
Manchester
Cambridge
Oxford
RL
Hinxton
Cardiff
London
Soton
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Centres will be Access Grid Nodes
Access Grid

• Access Grid will enable informal and formal group
  to group collaboration
• It enables
• Distributed lectures and seminars
• Virtual meetings
• Complex distributed grid demos
• Will improve the user experience (sense of
  presence) - natural interactions (natural audio,
  big display)

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2. Generic Grid Middleware

• Continuing dialogue with major industrial players
• - IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Sun, HP ..
• - IBM Press Announcement August 2001
• Open Call for Proposals from July 2001 plus
  Centre industrial projects
• Funding Computer Science involvement in EU
  DataGrid Middleware Work Packages

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3. Grid Interdisciplinary Research Centres Project

• 4 IT-centric IRCs funded
• - DIRC Dependability
• - EQUATOR HCI
• - AKT Knowledge Management
• - Medical Informatics
• Grand Challenge in Medical/Healthcare
  Informatics
• - issues of security, privacy and trust

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4. Support for e-Science Projects

• Grid Starter Kit Version 1.0 available for
  distribution from July 2001
• Set up Grid Support Centre
• Training Courses
• National e-Science Centre Research Seminar
  Programme

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5. International Involvement

• GridNet at National Centre for UK participation
  in the Global Grid Forum
• Funding CERN and iVDGL Grid Fellowships
• Participation/Leadership in EU Grid Activities
• - New FP5 Grid Projects (DataTag, GRIP, )
• Establishing links with major US Centres San
  Diego Supercomputer Center, NCSA

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6. Grid Network Team

• Tasked with ensuring adequate end-to-end
  bandwidth for e-Science Projects
• Identify/fix network bottlenecks
• Identify network requirements of e-Science
  projects
• Funding traffic engineering project
• Upgrade SuperJANET4 connection to sites

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Network Issues

• Upgrading SJ4 backbone from 2.5 Gbps to 10 Gbps
• Installing 2.5 Gbps link to GEANT pan-European
  network
• TransAtlantic bandwidth procurement
• 2.5 Gbps dedicated fibre
• Connections to Abilene and ESNet
• EU DataTAG project 2.5 Gbps link from CERN to
  Chicago

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Early e-Science Demonstrators

• Funded
• Dynamic Brain Atlas
• Biodiversity
• Chemical Structures
• Under Development/Consideration
• Grid-Microscopy
• Robotic Astronomy
• Collaborative Visualisation
• Mouse Genes
• 3D Engineering Prototypes
• Medical Imaging/VR

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Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council
(PPARC)

• GridPP (http//www.gridpp.ac.uk/)
• to develop the Grid technologies required to meet
  the LHC computing challenge
• collaboration with international grid
  developments in Europe and the US

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Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council
(PPARC)

• ASTROGRID (http//www.astrogrid.ac.uk/)
• a 4M project aimed at building a data-grid for
  UK astronomy, which will form the UK contribution
  to a global Virtual Observatory

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EPSRC Testbeds (1)

• DAME Distributed Aircraft Maintenance
  Environment
• RealityGrid closely couple high performance
  computing, high throughput experiment and
  visualization
• GEODISE Grid Enabled Optimisation and DesIgn
  Search for Engineering

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EPSRC Testbeds (2)

• CombiChem combinatorial chemistry
  structure-property mapping
• MyGrid personalised extensible environments for
  data-intensive experiments in biology
• Discovery Net high throughput sensing

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Distributed Aircraft Maintenance Environment

• Jim Austin, University of York
• Peter Dew, Leeds
• Graham Hesketh, Rolls-Royce

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In flight data
Global Network
Ground Station
Airline
DSS Engine Health Center
Maintenance Centre
Internet, e-mail, pager
Data centre
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Aims

• To build a generic grid test bed for distributed
  diagnostics on a global scale
• To demonstrate this on distributed aircraft
  maintenance
• Evaluate the effectiveness of grid for this task
• To deliver grid-enabled technologies that
  underpin the application
• To investigate performance issues

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Computational Infrastructure
Leeds Local Grid
3D Interactive Graphics Conferencing
Lab. Machines
Onyx 3
teradata
Shared Mem.
Cluster
Super Janet
Running Across YHMAN
White Rose Computational Grid (SAN)
York Shared Memory
Sheffield Dist. Memory
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MyGrid
ibm

• Personalised
• extensible environments for
• data-intensive experiments

in biology
Professor Carole Goble, University of Manchester
Dr Alan Robinson, EBI
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Consortium

• Scientific Team
• Biologists
• GSK, AZ, Merck KGaA, Manchester, EBI
• Technical Team
• Manchester, Southampton, Newcastle, Sheffield,
  EBI, Nottingham
• IBM, SUN
• GeneticXchange
• Network Inference, Epistemics Ltd

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Comparative Functional Genomics

• Vast amounts of data escalating
• Highly heterogeneous
• Data types
• Data forms
• Community
• Highly complex and inter-related
• Volatile

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MyGrid e-Science Objectives

• Revolutionise scientific practice in biology
• Straightforward discovery, interoperation,
  sharing
• Improving quality of both experiments and data
• Individual creativity collaborative working
• Enabling genomic level bioinformatics
• Cottage Industry to an Industrial Scale

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On the shoulders of giants

• We are not starting from scratch
• Globus Starter Kit
• Web Service initiatives
• Our own environments
• Integration platforms for bioinformatics
• Standards e.g. OMG LSR, I3C
• Experience with Open Source

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Specific Outcomes

• E-Scientists
• Environment built on toolkits for service access,
  personalisation community
• Gene function expression analysis
• Annotation workbench for the PRINTS pattern
  database
• Developers
• MyGrid-in-a-Box developers kit
• Re-purposing existing integration platforms

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Discovery Net

• Yike Guo, John Darlington (Dept. of Computing),
• John Hassard (Depts. of Physics and
  Bioengineering)
• Bob Spence (Dept. of Electrical Engineering)
• Tony Cass (Department of Biochemistry),
• Sevket Durucan (T. H. Huxley School of
  Environment)
• Imperial College London

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AIM

• To design, develop and implement an
  infrastructure to support real time processing,
  interaction, integration, visualisation and
  mining of massive amounts of time critical data
  generated by high throughput devices.

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The Consortium

• Industry Connection 4 Spin-off companies
  related companies (AstraZeneca, Pfizer, GSK,
  Cisco, IBM, HP, Fujitsu, Gene Logic, Applera,
  Evotec, International Power, Hydro Quebec, BP,
  British Energy, .)

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Industrial Contribution

• Hardware sensors (photodiode arrays), systems
  (optics, mechanical systems, DSPs, FPGAs)
• Software (analysis packages, algorithms, data
  warehousing and mining systems)
• Intellectual Property access to IP portfolio
  suite at no cost
• Data raw and processed data from biotechnology,
  pharmacogenomic, remote sensing (GUSTO
  installations, satellite data from geo-hazard
  programmes) and renewable energy data (from
  remote tidal power systems)

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High Throughput Sensing Characteristics

• Different Devices but same computational
  characteristics
• Data intensive
• Data dispersive
• large scale,
• heterogeneous
• distributed data
• Real-time data manipulation Need to
• calibrate
• integrate
• analyse

Discovery issues  
Information issues
Data issues
GRID issues
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Testbed Applications
Throughput (GB/s) Size (petabytes) Node
Number operations
HTS Applications
Large-scale Dynamic Real- time Decision support
Large-scale Dynamic System Knowledge Discovery
1-10 1-10 gt20000 Structuring Mining Optimisat
ion RT decisions

• Bio Chip Applications
• Protein-folding chips SNP chips, Diff. Gene
  chips using LFII
• Protein-based fluorescent micro arrays

• Renewable energy Applications
• Tidal Energy
• Connections to other renewable initiatives
• (solar, biomass, fuel cells), to CHP and
  baseload stations

• Remote Sensing Applications
• Air Sensing, GUSTO
• Geological, geohazard analysis

1-100 10-100 gt50000 Image Registration Visual
isation Predictive Modelling RT decisions
1-1000 10-1000 gt10000 Data Quality Visualisation
Structuring Clustering Distributed Dynamic
Knowledge Management
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Large-scale urban air sensing applications
Each GUSTO air pollution system produces 1kbit
per second, or 1010 bits per year. We expect to
increase the number (from the present 2 systems)
to over 20,000 over next 3 years, to reach a
total of 0.6 petabytes of data within the 3-year
ramp-up.
The useful information comes from time-resolved
correlations among remote stations, and with
other environmental data sets.
NO simulant 6.7.2001
You are here
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The IC Advantage
The IC infrastructure microgird for the testbed
Over than 12000 end devices
10 Mb/s 1Gb/s to end devices
ICPC Resource
1 Gb/s between floors
150 Gflops Processing
10 Gb/s to backbone
gt100 GB Memory
10 Gb/s between backbone router matrix and
wireless capability
5 TB of disk storage
3m SRIF funding
Network upgrade
20 TB of disk storage
2x1Gb/s to LMAN II (10Gb/s scheduled 2004)
25 TB of tape storage
3 Clusters (gt 1 Tera Flops)
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Conclusions

• Good buy-in from scientists and engineers
• Considerable industrial interest
• Reasonable buy-in from good fraction of
  Computer Science community but not all
• Serious interest in Grids from IBM, HP, Oracle
  and Sun
• On paper UK now has most visible and focussed
  e-Science/Grid programme in Europe
• Now have to deliver!

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US Grid Projects/Proposals

• NASA Information Power Grid
• DOE Science Grid
• NSF National Virtual Observatory
• NSF GriPhyN
• DOE Particle Physics Data Grid
• NSF Distributed Terascale Facility
• DOE ASCI Grid
• DOE Earth Systems Grid
• DARPA CoABS Grid
• NEESGrid
• NSF BIRN
• NSF iVDGL

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EU GridProjects

• DataGrid (CERN, ..)
• EuroGrid (Unicore)
• DataTag (TTT)
• Astrophysical Virtual Observatory
• GRIP (Globus/Unicore)
• GRIA (Industrial applications)
• GridLab (Cactus Toolkit)
• CrossGrid (Infrastructure Components)
• EGSO (Solar Physics)