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Enzymes

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Lecture 4 Enzymes Enzymes Proteins Catalyze all cellular reactions Enzymes are not changed by the reactions, and can be reused Protein Shape Proteins need the proper ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Enzymes


1
Lecture 4
  • Enzymes

2
Enzymes
  • Proteins
  • Catalyze all cellular reactions
  • Enzymes are not changed by the reactions, and can
    be reused

3
Protein Shape
  • Proteins need the proper shape to function
  • Increased temperature, high or low pH, or certain
    solvents, cause the bonds within the protein to
    be broken
  • Denatured protein no longer functions

4
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5
Enzymes
  • Function by lowering the activation energy of a
    chemical reaction so it is more likely to occur
  • Enzymes weaken chemical bonds in the substrate

6
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7
Enzymes
  • Very specific due to 3-D shape
  • Contain an active site region where a specific
    substrate binds
  • Substrate substance upon which an enzyme acts
  • Enzyme Substrate ? Enzyme-Substrate
    complex
  • Enzyme Product

8
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10
Cofactors and Coenzymes
  • Some enzymes need help to build
  • active site
  • Cofactors inorganic molecules that help build
    active site of enzyme
  • Coenzymes organic molecules that help build the
    active site

11
Figure 5.3
12
Enzymes
  • Often Team Up in Metabolic Pathways
  • A metabolic pathway is a sequence of chemical
    reactions

13
Factors Influencing Enzymatic Activity
  • Temperature chemical reaction increases as
    temperature increases, up to a certain point
  • pH most enzymes has optimum pH
  • Substrate concentration Increase substrate
    amount, increases reaction rate
  • Inhibition

14
Figure 5.5 - Overview
15
Enzyme Inhibition
  • Competitive Inhibition inhibitor competes with
    the substrate for the active site
  • Non-Competitive inhibition when inhibitor and
    substrate act at different sites on the enzyme
  • Feedback Inhibition inhibits an enzyme in the
    pathway so no product is available to feed the
    next reaction

16
Figure 5.7 - Overview
17
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18
Figure 5.8
19
Classification of Enzymes
20
Classification- Based on where enzyme activity
occurs
  • Exoenzymes
  • Endoenzymes
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