Goggles, no contacts on Dissection Night

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Safety Contracts

• Goggles, no contacts on Dissection Night
• NO FOOD OR DRINK, EVER
• NO OPEN-TOED SHOES, EVER

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Exercise 1

• The Language of Anatomy

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BIO210 Objectives Study Guide
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Textbooks Website

• http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073378194/s
  tudent_view0/chapter1/labeling_exercises.html

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Anatomical Position

• Universally accepted standard position
• Body terminology refers to it
• body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and
  toes forward, arms hanging at the sides, palms
  FACING FORWARD

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Prone vs. Supine

• Supine
• Anatomical positionpalms to front
• Prone
• Palms to rear

Fig. 9-4
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Directional Terms

• Medial
• Toward the midline of the body
• Lateral
• To the side

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Directional Terms

• Superficial
• Toward the surface (example skin)
• Deep
• Toward the inside (example organs)

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Figure 1.2 Anatomical terminology describing
body orientation and direction.
Directional Terms
Superior (cephalad)
Posterior (dorsal)
Anterior (ventral)
Superior (dorsal)
Proximal
Posterior (caudal)
Anterior (cephalad)
Distal
Inferior (caudal)
Inferior (ventral)
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Regions of the Body

• Cephalic..head
• Cervical...neck
• Vertebral.spinal column
• Caudal.toward tail/posterior

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Regions of the Body

• Appendicular
• limbs their attachments to the body axis
• Axial
• body axis (head, neck, trunk)

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Body Landmarks by Region
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Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy.
Cephalic
Cephalic
Otic
Frontal
Occipital
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Upper limb
Oral
Cervical
Acromial

• Facial (on face)
• Nasalnose
• Buccal.cheek
• Oral..mouth
• Orbital.bony eye socket
• Cranial (surrounding brain)
• Frontalforehead (anterior)
• Occipitalback of head (posterior)
• Parietal..upper side
• Temporal..lower side

Mental
Brachial
Cervical
Antecubital
Olecranal
Thoracic
Dorsum
Antebrachial
Sternal
Scapular
Carpal
Axillary
Mammary
Vertebral
Abdominal
Lumbar
Umbilical
Sacral
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Pollex
Inguinal
Gluteal
Palmar
Digital
Perineal
Lower limb
Coxal
Pubic
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Fibular or peroneal
Thorax
Pedal (foot)
Abdomen
Tarsal
Calcaneal
Back (Dorsum)
Digital
Plantar
Hallux
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
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Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy.

• Thoracic (chest)
• Sternalsternum
• Costal..ribs
• Abdominopelvic (abdomen pelvis)
• Abdominalanterior trunk, inferior to ribs
• Inguinal.groin
• Umbilical..navel
• Pelvicpelvis
• Gluteal..buttocks
• Coxal.hip
• Pubic.genital

Cephalic
Cephalic
Otic
Frontal
Occipital
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Upper limb
Oral
Cervical
Acromial
Mental
Brachial
Cervical
Antecubital
Olecranal
Thoracic
Dorsum
Antebrachial
Sternal
Scapular
Carpal
Axillary
Mammary
Vertebral
Abdominal
Lumbar
Umbilical
Sacral
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Pollex
Inguinal
Gluteal
Palmar
Digital
Perineal
Lower limb
Coxal
Pubic
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Fibular or peroneal
Thorax
Pedal (foot)
Abdomen
Tarsal
Calcaneal
Back (Dorsum)
Digital
Plantar
Hallux
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
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Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy.

• Inferior Spine
• Lumbar..back, between ribs and hips
• Sacral.back, between the hips

Cephalic
Cephalic
Otic
Frontal
Occipital
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Upper limb
Oral
Cervical
Acromial
Mental
Brachial
Cervical
Antecubital
Olecranal
Thoracic
Dorsum
Antebrachial
Sternal
Scapular
Carpal
Axillary
Mammary
Vertebral
Abdominal
Lumbar
Umbilical
Sacral
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Pollex
Inguinal
Gluteal
Palmar
Digital
Perineal
Lower limb
Coxal
Pubic
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Fibular or peroneal
Thorax
Pedal (foot)
Abdomen
Tarsal
Calcaneal
Back (Dorsum)
Digital
Plantar
Hallux
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
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Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy.
Cephalic
Cephalic
Otic
Frontal
Occipital
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Upper limb
Oral
Cervical
Acromial
Mental
Brachial
Cervical
Antecubital
Olecranal
Thoracic
Dorsum
Antebrachial
Sternal
Scapular
Carpal
Axillary
Mammary
Vertebral
Abdominal
Lumbar

• PECTORAL
• Axillaryarmpit
• Acromial.point of shoulder
• Scapular.shoulder blade
• Deltoidupper shoulder/arm

Umbilical
Sacral
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Pollex
Inguinal
Gluteal
Palmar
Digital
Perineal
Lower limb
Coxal
Pubic
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Fibular or peroneal
Thorax
Pedal (foot)
Abdomen
Tarsal
Calcaneal
Back (Dorsum)
Digital
Plantar
Hallux
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
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Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy.
Cephalic
Cephalic
Otic
Frontal
Occipital
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Upper limb
Oral
Cervical
Acromial
Mental
Brachial
Cervical
Antecubital
Olecranal
Thoracic
Dorsum
Antebrachial
Sternal
Scapular
Carpal
Axillary
Mammary
Vertebral
Abdominal
Lumbar
Umbilical
Sacral
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Pollex
Inguinal
Gluteal
Palmar
Digital
Perineal
Lower limb

• SUPERIOR APPENDAGES
• Brachialupper arm
• Antebrachialforearm
• Olecranal..elbow
• Carpalwrist
• Manual...hand
• Palmarpalm of hand
• Digital.digitsfingers

Coxal
Pubic
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Fibular or peroneal
Thorax
Pedal (foot)
Abdomen
Tarsal
Calcaneal
Back (Dorsum)
Digital
Plantar
Hallux
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
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Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy.

• INFERIOR APPENDAGES
• Femoral..thigh
• Patellar...anterior knee
• Tibial...medial calf
• Fibularlateral calf
• Tarsal.ankle
• Calcaneal..heel of foot
• Pedal..foot
• Plantar...sole of foot
• Digital.digitstoes

Cephalic
Cephalic
Otic
Frontal
Occipital
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Upper limb
Oral
Cervical
Acromial
Mental
Brachial
Cervical
Antecubital
Olecranal
Thoracic
Dorsum
Antebrachial
Sternal
Scapular
Carpal
Axillary
Mammary
Vertebral
Abdominal
Lumbar
Umbilical
Sacral
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Pollex
Inguinal
Gluteal
Palmar
Digital
Perineal
Lower limb
Coxal
Pubic
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Fibular or peroneal
Thorax
Pedal (foot)
Abdomen
Tarsal
Calcaneal
Back (Dorsum)
Digital
Plantar
Hallux
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
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Figure 1.3 Planes of the body with corresponding
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Planes of Sectioning
Frontal plane

• Longitudinal sections
• Sagittal planes
• Divides into right left
• Midsaggital plane
• Equal right left halves
• Frontal or coronal planes
• Divides into anterior posterior

Median (midsagittal) plane
Transverse plane
Transverse section (through torso, inferior view)
Frontal section (through torso)
Median (midsagittal) section
Spinal cord
Left and right lungs
Liver
Liver
Heart
Pancreas
Vertebral column
Intestines
Aorta
Rectum
Spleen
Arm
Stomach
Body wall
Subcutaneous fat layer
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Figure 1.3 Planes of the body with corresponding
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Planes of Sectioning
Frontal plane

• Cross sections
• Horizontal or transverse planes
• Divides into superior inferior
• Oblique planes
• Divide at an angle
• Helps relate models and figures to the body as a
  whole

Median (midsagittal) plane
Transverse plane
Transverse section (through torso, inferior view)
Frontal section (through torso)
Median (midsagittal) section
Spinal cord
Left and right lungs
Liver
Liver
Heart
Pancreas
Vertebral column
Intestines
Aorta
Rectum
Spleen
Arm
Stomach
Body wall
Subcutaneous fat layer
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Figure 1.4 Objects can look odd when viewed in
section.
Cross section
Midsagittal section
Frontal sections
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Figure 1.5 Dorsal and ventral body cavities and
their subdivisions.
Body cavities organs
Cranial cavity
Cranial cavity (contains brain)
Vertebral cavity
Superior mediastinum
Dorsal body cavity
Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs)
Pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum
Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord)
Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic
cavities)
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera)
Abdomino- pelvic cavity
Pelvic cavity (contains urinary bladder,
reproductive organs, and rectum)
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity

• Thoracic
• heart, trachea, lungs, esophagus
• Abdominopelvic
• stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, adrenal
  glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, prostate gland

Anterior view
Lateral view

• Cranial
• brain, pituitary gland
• Spinal/Vertebral
• spinal cord

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Serous membranes

• Produce serous fluid
• Lubricate organs
• Movement without friction
• Compartmentalize organs to help infections from
  spreading

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Figure 1.6 Serous membranes of the ventral body
cavities.
Serous membranes

• Double-layered membranes
• Parietal layer
• Lines body cavity walls
• Visceral layer
• Covers external surface of the organ within that
  cavity

Parietal peritoneum
Parietal pleura
Visceral peritoneum
Visceral pleura
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
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Serous membranes

• Pericardium
• Surrounds the heart
• Pleura(e)
• Surrounds the lungs
• Peritoneum
• Surrounds abdominopelvic organs

Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.
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Study, Learn it! QUIZ each other!

• Timed, Open-notes quiz tonight over this
• Last 10 minutes of lab (1 min per question)
• Questions about content or labelling diagrams, on
  ppt
• Usually, well have the lab at the very beginning
  of lab
• Arrive on time, or youll miss it!
• Quiz will cover the previous nights material
• Labelling Diagrams or Photos of Models
• Learn it during lab, go home and study it

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Figure 1.8 Abdominopelvic regions.
Diaphragm
Liver
Right hypochondriac region
Left hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Spleen
Stomach
Gallbladder
Transverse colon of large intestine
Ascending colon of large intestine
Right lumbar region
Left lumbar region
Umbilical region
Descending colon of large intestine
Small intestine
Cecum
Initial part of sigmoid colon
Right iliac (inguinal) region
Left iliac (inguinal) region
Hypogastric (pubic) region
Appendix
Urinary bladder
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Figure 1.9 Other body cavities.
Middle ear cavity
Orbital cavity (orbit)
Synovial cavity in a joint between neck vertebrae
Nasal cavity
Fibrous layer around joint
Oral cavity (mouth)
Tongue
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Review Figure 1.1
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Review Figure 1.2
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Review Figure 1.2a
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Review Figure 1.2b
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Review Figure 1.2c
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Review Figure 1.3
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Review Figure 1.4
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Review Figure 1.5
Body cavities
cavity
3
1 Dorsal body cavity
(superior)
cavity
4
(inferior)
cavity
5
2 Ventral body cavity
(superior)
cavity
6
cavity
7
(inferior)
(superior)
cavity
8
(inferior)